以事实为面向:中国刑事指控体系建构的新思路

Facts Oriented: A New Perspective on the Construction of Criminal Charge System in China

刑事指控体系的建构是在“以审判为中心”背景下检察机关提出的理论命题,亦是对传统公诉理论的重要发展。刑事指控体系是检察机关为实现刑事追诉目标所进行的一系列环环相扣的指控活动的有机整体,应以刑事实体法为指引建构刑事指控的事实基础,实现“以证据为核心”向“以事实为面向”的转变。刑事指控的实体范畴包括定罪指控、量刑建议及财物追缴,其中,定罪指控是刑事指控的根基,量刑建议是刑事指控的必要延展,财物追缴是刑事指控的应有内容。在程序上应以事实为面向,发挥检察机关的侦查指引作用,全面搜集证据,强化证据能力的审查,完成指控事实的建构与证明,同时完善量刑程序、涉案财物处置程序,为刑事指控体系的实现提供程序保障。

The construction of criminal charge system is a theoretical proposition raised by the procuratorate under the background of“trial centered”,and it is also a vital development of the traditional prosecution theory. The criminal charge system is an organic whole of a series of interrelated charge procedure carried out by the prosecution to achieve the purpose of criminal charge,which should be guided by the criminal substantive law to construct the fact basis of criminal charge and realizes the transformation from“evidence centered”to“fact oriented”. The substantive context of criminal charge includes conviction charge,sentencing recommendation and property recovery. Among them,conviction charge is the foundation of criminal charge system;sentencing recommendation is the necessary extension of criminal charge system;property recovery is the necessary supplement of criminal charge system. The criminal procedure should focus on fact,give full play to the guidance of the prosecution on investigation,comprehensively gather evidence,strengthen the examination of evidence ability,complete the constructing and proving on charge facts,and improve the sentencing procedure and the disposal procedure of property involved in the case,so as to provide procedural guarantee for the construction of criminal charge system.