已公开个人信息弱化保护的解释论矫正

The Interpretive Correction of the Weakened Protection of Disclosed Personal Information

弱化保护已公开个人信息既是我国的司法实践传统,也是平衡信息保护负担的务实选择,但若不释明处理已公开个人信息的合理范围,必将削弱个人信息保护的制度意义和私法意涵,减损对个人信息自决权的有效保障。已公开的个人信息应限于向不特定多数人发布、无需借助特殊手段即可从公开渠道合法获得的信息。若信息处理将对信息主体权益有重大影响,需适用告知同意规则。合理处理范围应基于信息主体意愿界定,除非该处理是法定的公共利益所必需。处理者应提供有效的表意机制,未提供而个人未明示拒绝信息处理的,应视为默示拒绝。个人的拒绝信息被处理权不可被格式条款排除。

To balance information protection and information freedom,the protection of disclosed personal information is weakened as a Chinese judicial practice tradition. However,without a concise interpretative definition of the reasonable scope of processing disclosed personal information,the weakened protection will undermine the private value of personal information protection,hinder individuals to legitimately refuse their personal information to be processed. The disclosed personal information should be interpreted as the information which is disclosed to be legally obtain by any unspecified person from legitimate public channels without the use of special means. Informed’consent should be obtained,if the processing will significantly affect individuals’ rights and interests. The reasonable scope of processing should be in accordance with their will,unless the processing is necessary for pursuing the statutory public interest. Processors should provide mechanisms to assist individuals to express their processing intentions,otherwise individuals’ silence should be regarded as refusal. The standard clause should not exclude individuals’ right to refuse their personal information to be processed.