从词语组合的语义逻辑性看汉语趋向补语的意义形态

The Semantic Logic of Word Combination and the Meaning Form of Chinese Directional Complement

汉语趋向补语的意义十分复杂,是对外汉语教学的难点之一,众多学者从句法和语义等方面进行了富有成效的研究。在已有研究基础上,从词汇语义逻辑的角度进一步探讨趋向补语意义形态的产生因素、规律和机制问题,能为提升教学方法设计的科学性提供一条逻辑路径。动词与趋向补语的组合有严整的语义逻辑性。这种逻辑性表现为在语义关系一致性原则下,一方面选择限制机制在宏观上使趋向补语呈现出一致性和悖谬性两种意义形态;另一方面相同语义特征的有无在微观上具体决定着趋向补语的意义形态。

The meaning of Chinese directional complement is very complex,which is one of the difficulties in Chinese teaching. Many scholars have made fruitful researches from the aspects of syntax and semantics. Based on the existing researches,this paper discusses the factors,rules and mechanisms of the meaning form of directional complement in the perspective of lexical semantic logic,which can provide a logical path to improve the scientific design of teaching methods. The combination of verb and directional complement has strict semantic logic. This logicality is reflected in the consistency principle of semantic relations,on the one hand,the selection restriction mechanism makes the directional complement present two meaning forms of consistency and paradox in the macro,on the other hand,the existence of the same semantic characteristics determines the meaning form of directional complement in the micro.