黄土边坡坡面径流冲刷过程与模型试验研究

Scour Process and Model Experimental Study of Runoff on Loess Slope

黄土边坡的坡面侵蚀病害是黄土地区公路养护过程中常见的病害之一,如何有效预报坡面侵蚀的冲刷强度和影响范围直接制约着黄土地区公路运营管理品质法人提升。研究运用理论分析法,明确了坡面土体颗粒在坡面径流冲刷作用下的启动条件和含泥沙径流的冲刷强度,根据坡面径流运移过程中土颗粒质量连续原理,构建了坡面径流冲刷侵蚀数学模型,并通过室内物理模拟试验予以验证。研究表明,黄土边坡坡面冲蚀强度主要受到边坡坡度、降雨强度以及坡面位置的影响,其中冲刷强度与沿坡面向下方向的距离成正比关系,研究成果可为合理预测黄土边坡坡面冲刷强度提供理论计算依据。

The slope erosion is one of the common diseases in the highway maintenance process in loess regions. How to effectively forecast the scour intensity and influencing range of the slope erosion directly restricts the quality improvement of the highway operation and management in loess region. Using the theoretical analysis, this paper clarifies the staring condition of the soil particle under the action of the slope runoff scour and the scour intensity of the sediment runoff. According to the principle of continuous soil particle mass in the slope runoff shifting, the mathematical model of slope runoff scour erosion is established and verified by indoor physical simulation test. The results show that, the scour intensity of the loess slope is mainly affected by the slope gradient, rainfall intensity and slope location. The scour intensity is directly proportional to the distance down the slope. The research results can provide theoretical calculation basis for reasonably forecasting the loess slope scour intensity.