院落碎片化:北京老城居住院落的社会-空间特征及其动力机制

Courtyard Fragmentation:Society-Space Characteristics and Dynamic Mechanism of Residential courtyards in Beijing Old City

从微观视角解释北京老城“杂院”的空间分异和空间生产过程,以院落碎片化揭示“杂院”的本质特征和动力机制。通过院落案例和社区调查,提出院落碎片化核心特征是家庭住房条件、邻里关系、居住意愿的分化和马赛克状分布,动力机制来自2个方面,一是住房政策和市场机制的结构性过滤机制,二是公共管控和居民利益的博弈机制。提出院落碎片化加大了政策设计和治理难度,建议实施“申请-评估”式的住房改善政策,提供多途径的居住改善方式;采取“管控-自治”结合的治理方法,将自上而下的底线控制与自下而上的自我治理相结合。

This paper explains the spatial differentiation and production process of Zayuan(multi-family occupied single courtyard house)in Beijing old city from the micro perspective,and reveals the essential characteristics and dynamic mechanism of Zayuan by courtyard fragmentation.Based on the field survey of residential courtyard and the data survey of residential community,this paper demonstrates that the core characteristics of courtyard fragmentation are the polarization and mosaic distribution of family housing conditions,willingness and neighborhood relations,and the dynamic mechanism comes from policy,market,public control and self governance.Proposed that courtyard fragmentation increases the difficulty of policy design and governance,and suggested to implement the application-evaluation housing improvement policy,explore multiple ways of housing improvement,such as relocation,translation,on-site security and improved leasing.Clarify the public-private boundary between courtyard space and housing,and establish the implementation mechanism of residential courtyard protection and renewal that takes into account the bottom line control and self governance.