优秀女子手球运动员膝关节和踝关节屈伸旋转等速肌力评估

Evaluation of isokinetic muscle strength of knee and ankle flexion and extension rotation in excellent women's handball player

目的探讨优秀女子手球运动员下肢主要肌群等速肌力特征及运动损伤预防和伤后康复评定标准。方法2012年3月12日用德国IsoMed 2000等速测试训练仪对江苏省16名现役优秀女子手球运动员膝、踝关节屈伸及旋转肌群进行等速力量测试分析。膝关节测试角速度分别选取慢速60°/s,快速300°/s。踝关节测试角速度选取慢速60°/s,快速180°/s。测试指标包括峰力矩(Nm)和拮抗肌群比例(%)。结果无论快速还是慢速情况下,膝关节伸肌峰力矩显著大于屈肌峰力矩,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。左膝关节在慢速状态下,伸肌最大力矩值明显大于快速状态下,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。左右膝关节在慢速状态下,无论内旋和外旋的最大力矩值均大于快速状态,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无论快速还是慢速情况下,踝关节跖屈肌峰力矩值显著大于背屈肌的,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。左、右踝关节慢速状态下的跖屈肌和背屈肌的最大力矩值均显著大于快速状态,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。无论是慢速还是快速状态下,踝关节的内翻肌群的峰力矩值均显著大于外翻肌群,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。左右踝关节在慢速状态下,无论内翻和外翻的最大力矩值均大于快速状态,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论女子手球运动员膝关节快速工作能力不及慢速工作能力,左右膝关节屈伸肌群比例均偏低,日常训练应重视屈肌群的发展。踝关节快速工作能力不及慢速工作能力,踝关节跖屈肌群强于背屈肌群,内翻肌群强于外翻肌群,提示力量训练应均衡安排,以防运动损伤发生。

Objective To discuss the characteristics of isokinetic muscle strength of main muscle groups of lower limbs of excellent women's handball player,and prevention of sports injury and evaluation of rehabilitation after injury.Methods ISOMED 2000 ISOKINETIC test instrument was used to measure and analyze the isokinetic strength of knee,ankle flexion and extension,and rotatory muscles of 16 excellent female handball player.The angular velocity of knee joint was 60°/s slow and 300°/s fast.The angular velocity of ankle joint is 60°/s and 180°/s.Measurements:Peak Torque(NM),proportion of antagonistic muscle group(%).Results No mutter the tested angular velocity was slow or fast,the peak torque of knee extensor muscle was significantly greater than that of flexor muscle(P<0.01).The maximum torque of left knee extensor muscle was significantly larger in slow motion than in fast motion(P<0.01).The maximum torque values of the left and right knee joints in both internal rotation and external rotation at slow status were significantly larger than those at fast status(P<0.05).The peak torque of plantar flexor of ankle joint was significantly higher than that of flexor Dorsi,(P<0.01).The maximal moment of flexor plantaris and flexor Dorsi in the slow state of the left and right ankle were significantly larger than that in the fast state(P<0.01).The peak torque of varus muscle group in ankle joint was significantly higher than that of eversion muscle group(P<0.05).The varus and eversion maximum torque of left and right ankle joint in the slow state was significantly larger than that in the fast state(P<0.05).Conclusions The quick working ability knee joint of female handball player is inferior to the slow working ability,the ratio of flexors and extensors of the left and right knee joint is low,the daily training should pay attention to the development of the flexors.The fast working ability of ankle is inferior to the slow working ability,the plantar flexor group in the ankle joint is stronger than the dorsiflexor group,and the varus muscle group are stronger than those of the eversion muscle group,which suggests that the strength training should be balanced to prevent the occurrence of sports injuries.