南宁市社区老年高血压患者轻度认知障碍现状及影响因素研究

The mild cognitive dysfunction and its influencing factors in community dwelling older patients with hypertension in Nanning

目的 调查南宁市社区老年高血压患者轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)的现状及影响因素,为社区医务人员尽早评估老年高血压患者MCI,积极早期干预、延缓其发生发展提供参考。方法 采用随机抽样法,在南宁市3个社区抽取老年高血压患者738例,对其认知功能情况、一般人口学、疾病相关、生活方式及社会心理情况进行问卷调查。结果 738例老年高血压患者中,MCI发生率为53.8%。Logistic回归分析显示,高血压分级、合并糖尿病、高血压患病年限、1年内应激史、吸烟、抑郁、睡眠障碍是MCI的危险因素(P<0.05),较高的文化程度、经常食用肉类、经常运动、经常阅读、较高的服药依从性及社会支持是MCI的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 南宁市社区老年高血压患者MCI的发生率较高,提示社区医务人员应重视老年高血压患者认知功能的评估,并根据其危险因素和保护因素有针对性地预防和延缓MCI的发生和发展,避免或减缓痴呆的发生,提高其生活质量。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment(MCI) in community dwelling older patients with hypertension in Nanning. Methods The random sampling method was used and 738 older patients with hypertension were selected in 3 communities in Nanning. Patients’ general demographic characteristics,cognitive function,disease-related information,lifestyle and social psychological factors were investigated. Results Out of 738 older patients with hypertension,prevalence of MCI was 53.8%. Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension classification,diabetes,duration of hypertension,stress history within one year,smoking,depression,and sleep disorders were risk factors of MCI(P <0.05). Higher educational level,regular meat consumption,regular exercise,reading,higher medication compliance,and social support were protective factors of MCI(P <0.05). Conclusion The high incidence of MCI in older patients with hypertension suggests that community medical professionals should pay attention to the cognitive function assessment of older patients with hypertension. Targeted measures of prevention and delay of the occurrence and development of MCI according to their risk factors and protective factors are needed. By these ways,MCI can be avoided or slowed and quality of life of older adults can be improved.