发酵中草药对活性成分释放及仔猪生长和粪微生物的影响

Effects of Fermented Chinese Herbal Medicine on Release of Active Ingredients Growth and Fecal Microorganisms in Weaned Piglets

目的:研究异步发酵中草药活性成分释放及其对断奶仔猪生长、腹泻和粪微生物的影响。方法:配伍十大功劳叶、苦木、石榴皮、马齿苋和鬼针草,采用37℃好氧发酵20 h、厌氧发酵5 d的菌酶联合异步发酵法制备成发酵中草药。选用(28±2)日龄杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪90头,随机分为3组,每组3重复,每重复10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,粉碎复方中草药组、发酵复方中草药组分别饲喂含2%粉碎复方中草药、2%发酵复方中草药的试验日粮,试验期为28 d。结果:发酵复方中草药较未发酵粉碎复方中草药粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别降低19.66%、22.18%和14.57%,总黄酮、总生物碱、总皂苷和粗多糖分别提高3.77%、4.55%、55.84%和164.97%,差异均显著(P<0.05);与对照组相比,发酵复方中草药组断奶仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量分别显著提高40.27%和16.82%(P<0.05);粉碎复方中草药组和发酵复方中草药组断奶仔猪料重比均显著降低17.20%和16.67%(P<0.05);在试验前期、后期和全期,发酵复方中草药组较对照组腹泻指数分别下降33.48%、74.96%和46.71%,差异均显著(P<0.05);与对照组相比,发酵复方中草药组粪乳酸菌、双歧杆菌和大肠杆菌数量分别提高32.63%、提高38.16%和降低39.30%,差异均显著(P<0.05)。结论:复方中草药经异步加酶发酵后,细胞壁纤维降低,胞内活性成分释放增加,改善断奶仔猪生长性能,降低腹泻增加粪便中有益菌群数量。

Objective:Investigating the release of active ingredients from asynchronous fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine and its effects on growth,diarrhea and fecal microorganisms in weaned piglets.Methods:The China Mahonia,bitter wood,pomegranate peel,purslane and genus vulgaris were selected,and the fermented Chinese herbal medicines were prepared by aerobic fermentation at 37°C for 20 h and anaerobic fermentation for 5 d combined with asynchronous fermentation.A total of 90(28±2)-day-old ternary hybrid weaned piglets were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,with 3 replicates in each group,and 10 piglets in each replicate.The control group was fed the basal diet,and the crushed compound Chinese herbal medicine group and the fermented compound Chinese herbal medicine group were fed the experimental diet containing 2%crushed compound Chinese herbal medicine and 2%fermented compound Chinese herbal medicine respectively.The experimental period was 28 d.Results:The contents of crude fiber,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of fermented compound Chinese herbal medicine were 19.66%,22.18%and 14.57%lower than those of non-fermented and crushed compound Chinese herbal medicine,and the total flavonoids,total alkaloids,total saponins and crude polysaccharides were 3.77%,4.55%,55.84%and 164.97%higher than those of non-fermented and crushed compound Chinese herbal medicine.The differences were significant(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of weaned piglets in fermented compound Chinese herbal medicine group were significantly increased by 40.27%and 16.82%,respectively(P<0.05).The ratio of feed to gain of weaned piglets in crushed compound Chinese herbal medicine group and fermented compound Chinese herbal medicine group was significantly decreased by 17.20%and 16.67%(P<0.05).In the early stage,late stage and whole stage,the diarrhea index of fermented compound Chinese herbal medicine group was decreased by 33.48%,74.96%and 46.71%compared with the control group,respectively,with significant differences(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the numbers of fecal lactobacillus,bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli in fermented compound Chinese herbal medicine group were increased by 32.63%,increased by 38.16%and decreased by 39.30%,respectively,with significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:After asynchronous enzyme-added fermentation of compound Chinese herbal medicine,the cell wall fiber was decreased,the release of intracellular active components was increased,the growth performance of weaned piglets was improved,diarrhea was reduced and the number of beneficial bacteria in feces was increased.