耐热聚乳酸材料的研究进展

Research progress and status quo of heat-resistant polylactic acid materials

针对工业化生产聚乳酸产品普遍存在力学强度低、韧性差、结晶速度缓慢、结晶度低、耐热性能差等问题,综述了国内外关于提高聚乳酸材料耐热性能的方法及其改性机制,将其总结分为共混改性、链结构改性和结晶改性,其中:共混改性包括聚合物复合改性和填充改性,链结构改性包括共聚改性和交联改性,结晶改性包括添加成核剂改性和加工工艺改性。简要分析了各改性方法的优缺点,重点介绍并讨论了聚乳酸立构复合晶的形成及其影响因素,并对聚乳酸材料的发展方向和前景进行了分析与展望。指出国内外最受青睐的改性方法是通过结晶改性配合加工工艺条件改性进行调控,更高效地改善聚乳酸材料的耐热性能。

Aiming at the low mechanical strength,poor toughness,slow crystallization speed,low crystallinity,and poor heat resistance of polylactic acid products,modification methods and mechanisms for improving the heat resistance of polylactic acid materials were reviewed.The review was concentrated on blending modification involving polymer composite modification and filling modification,chain structure modification encompassing copolymerization modification and crosslinking modification,and crystal modification including additive nucleating agent modification and processing technology modification.The advantages and disadvantages of each modification method were briefly analyzed,and the formation of polylactic acid stereo complex crystals and its influencing factors were introduced and discussed in detail.The development direction and prospect of polylactic acid materials were analyzed and prospected.The rereview revealed that the most popular modification method is to adjust and control the heat resistance of polylactic acid materials through crystal modification and modification of processing conditions.