画扇、别敬与关系:清京官绘画中的礼物循环范式

Fan Paintings,Gift and Social Relationships:The Anthropological Gift Research on the Qing Capital Official’s Painting

礼物人类学与传统文人画研究具有较高的适配性。通过各种基于官僚体制和绅士制度的人际关系,京官画家潘曾莹构建起艺术授受网络。书画创作与门生节寿、外官三敬之间构成礼物循环。绅士礼仪经济和艺术授受相遇合,画家在礼物世界的冒险征程就此展开,即在规避道德指责的同时获得“回礼”,并进而建立持续良性循环的礼物关系。

From the perspective of the anthropological gift theor y,this paper tries to offer further explanations and studies into the audiences of literati painting.As a high level capital official,Pan Zengying establishs his bureaucracy-based social network.In the process of reaching his core audiences,Pan Zengying builds a circular relationship between his own artworks and gifts from disciples,local officials,friends and so on.They play important roles in the world of scholars’gift.Pan Zengying’s adventure in the process of gift exchange includes two aspects:seeking a return gift and overcoming moral dilemmas.