晚熟优质桃新品种福达的选育

A new late-ripening and storable peach cultivar Fuda

福达是以瑞光19号×莱山蜜杂交选育的晚熟桃优良新品种。果实扁圆形,果个大,平均单果质量281.7 g,最大单果质量531.5 g。果皮茸毛少,底色乳白色,果面全面着深红色,果肉黄白色。硬溶质,肉质细,硬脆、风味甜,离核,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)14.1%~21.0%,可滴定酸含量0.31%,去皮果肉硬度10.3 kg·cm^(-2),可食率97.5%。在山东烟台地区9月上中旬成熟,果实发育期150 d左右。早果,丰产,4年生树每666.7 m2产量2250 kg。适宜在山东、河北等桃产区栽培。

Fuda is a new late-ripening and storable peach [Prunus persica(L.) Batsch] cultivar derived from the cross between Ruiguang 19 and Laishan Mi made in 1999. The hybrid seeds were planted in2000. The seedlings were transplanted into the breeding nursery at a density of 0.8 m×4 m in 2001. The elite seedling was selected and named FX-05 in 2003. Then it was propagated and planted in the Peach Variety Exhibition Orchards. The tree could bear the fruits in the second year, and the yield would be20.5 kg per tree in the fourth year. And regional adaptability testing was carried out in Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Xi’an from 2006 to 2014. The tree is vigorous with gray white perennial branches and yellowish-brown annual branches. The mature leaves are green, long elliptic lanceolate, 20.61 cm long,4.52 cm wide and the petiole is 1.06 cm long, serrated. The Nectary is round, 1-3. The flower is pink,and the diameter of flower is 42 mm. The amount of pollens is small, and they are fertile. The fruit is oblate in shape with average fruit weight about 281.7 g and the biggest one is 531.5 g. The fruit skin color is dark red on milky-white background. The peel removed hardness of the fruit during edible maturity is10.3 kg · cm^(-2). The content of soluble solids is 14.1%-21.0%. The total soluble sugar content is 11.77%,the titratable acid content is 0.31%, and the vitamin C content is 2.73 mg·100 g^(-1). It is freestone, and the edible rate is 97.5%. The quality of fruit is excellent. The duration of storage and transportation, and the flavor remain unchanged for 40 d in cold air storage. It matures on early September and the fruit development period is about 150 d in Yantai. The single flower bud/complex flower buds are 201.8%, the proportion of flower buds/leaf buds is 107.6%, the ability of branching and blooming is strong and the yield is stable. It is resistant to fruit cracking and coldness, and moderate resistant to aphids. The variety is suitable for peach producing area in Northern China, and has medium yield potential. The yield of 4-year-old tree was 2250 kg per 666.7 m~2. Good orchard is neutral sandy soil which that has ability of fertilizer retention and moisture. High density planting would be recommended with wide rows and, ridge cultivation mode. The density for“Y”shaped pruning would be(1.5-2.5) m×(4-5) m, the density for trunk shaped pruning would be 1.5 m×(3-4) m, and the density for multy branches open heart-shaped pruning would be 3 m×(5-6) m. Fuda needs pollinating trees with similar flowering period and large amount of pollens for good harvest.