中国南方地区中学生不健康饮食行为现状及影响因素分析

Investigation on Status and Influencing Factors of Unhealthy Eating Behaviors Among Middle School Students in Southern China

目的:调查南方地区中学生不健康饮食行为现状,分析其影响因素,为中学营养教育提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样法选择重庆市(西南)和福建省(东南)共计5所中学3836名中学生,开展饮食行为问卷调查。结果:中学生不吃早餐、不喝牛奶、经常吃零食、经常喝含糖饮料、经常吃西式快餐和剩饭的发生率分别为2.71%、15.80%、22.89%、5.19%、13.56%、15.25%,不健康饮食行为发生率为52.48%,是否独生子女、居住状况、父母教育程度是影响因素。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,性别、住宿情况和父亲教育程度是中学生不健康饮食行为的独立影响因素,相较于女生和寄宿生,男生(OR=0.847,95%CI:0.736~0.975,P=0.021)和走读生(OR=0.716,95%CI:0.610~0.841,P<0.001)会降低中学生不健康饮食的发生风险;父亲中学/中专教育程度相较于大专/本科及以上教育程度会增加中学生不健康饮食行为的发生风险(OR=1.337,95%CI:1.072~1.667,P=0.001)。结论:我国南方地区中学生不健康饮食行为普遍发生,且与学生性别、年级、住宿和家庭状况密切相关。学校应结合家庭共同开展有针对性的学生营养教育,以便有效改善中学生不健康饮食行为状况、促进健康饮食与体质健康。

[Objective] To investigate the status and influencing factors of unhealthy eating behaviors among middle school students in southern China to provide scientific evidence for middle school nutritional education.Method Using stratified cluster random sampling method,3836 students from 5 middle schools in Chongqing city(southwestern China)and Fujian province(southeastern China)were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey in the eating behavior.Result The incidences of skipping breakfast,skipping milk,frequent eating snacks/drinking sugary beverages/eating western-style fast food and leftovers among middle school students were 2.71%,15.80%,22.89%,5.19%,13.56%and 15.25%,respectively.The incidence of unhealthy eating behaviors among middle school students was 52.48%,one-child or not,accommodation status and parents’education were the influencing factors.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that gender,accommodation status and father’s education were the independent influencing factors of middle school students’unhealthy eating behavior.Compared with female and boarding students,male(OR=0.847,95%CI:0.736—0.975,P=0.021)and resident students(OR=0.716,95%CI:0.610—0.841,P<0.001)would reduce the risk of unhealthy eating behaviors of middle school students;compared with the students whose father’s education level was junior college or above,students whose father’s education level was secondary school(OR=1.337,95%CI:1.072—1.667,P=0.010)would increase the risk of middle school students’unhealthy eating behavior.Conclusion Unhealthy eating behaviors of middle school students in southern China are still widespread and closely related to students’gender,grade,and family status.Middle schools should carry out targeted nutrition education for students in combination with families,so as to effectively improve middle school students’unhealthy eating behaviors and promote healthy diet and physical fitness.