《触龙说赵太后》中劝谏言语行为的规律

The Rules of the Remonstrate Speech Act in Chu Long Canvassed Zhao Queen Mother

劝谏是日常工作中常见的言语行为,对劝谏言语行为的研究可以给当下劝谏工作提供经验指导。《战国策》真实记录了战国时期谋臣策士的劝谏言语行为,《触龙说赵太后》便是一个经典案例。运用奥斯汀的言语行为理论对触龙劝谏活动进行分析发现,整个劝谏过程主要包括叙事行为、施事行为和成事行为。触龙在劝谏活动中对话题的分解、转化,对语境的创设、利用都表明:要劝谏成功,必须在言语交际中掌握且遵守言语行为的规律——以言指事、以言行事、以言成事。

Remonstrate is a common speech act in daily work,and the study of remonstrate speech act can provide experiences and guidances for current remonstrate job.Records on the Warring States Period truly records the remonstrate speech acts of advisers and schemers in the Warring States Period,and Chu Long Canvassed Zhao Queen Mother is one of the most classic cases.Using Austin’s speech act theory to analyze the remonstrate speech act of Chu Long,it is found that the whole remonstrance speech act mainly includes the locutionary act,the illocutionary act and the perlocutionary act.The decomposition and transformation of the topic and creation and utilization of the context in the remonstrate speech act of Chu Long show that:in order to remonstrate successfully,we must grasp andmake use of the three rules,that is,to say things with words,to do things with words and to finish doing things.