健全我国数据产权制度的政策建议

Suggestions on Improving Data Property Right System in China

完善和健全数据产权制度是鼓励权利主体有序参与数字经济发展的关键支撑,是数据要素市场化改革的先手棋,也是实现数据要素报酬合理分配的关键因素,更是秘密和隐私得到保护和尊重的重要保障。当前应紧跟数字经济的发展要求,围绕个体、数据采集(集合)者和数据挖掘及控制者之间的数据权属关系,对数据产权进行清晰的界定和划分,明确各权利主体的权利与义务,积极发挥个人、企业和公共数据的价值。对数据产权的厘定需要以促进数据自由流动和便捷交易为价值取向,以厘清数据客体上所承载的权利为出发点,分层分类对原始数据、集合数据、脱敏化和模型化数据以及人工智能化数据的权属界定和流转进行动态管理,形成覆盖数据生成采集等各方面权利面向不同时空、不同主体的确权框架。

Improving and perfecting the data property right system is the key support to encourage the right subjects to participate in the development of digital economy in an orderly manner.It is not only the first chess of the market-oriented reform of data elements and the key factor to realize the rational distribution of data element remuneration,but also an important guarantee for the protection and respect of secrets and privacy.At present,we should closely follow the development requirements of digital economy,clearly define and divide the data property rights around the data ownership relationship among individuals,data collectors and data diggers and controllers,clarify the rights and obligations of each right subject,and actively give full play to the value of individual,enterprise and public data.The determination of data property rights needs to take promoting the free flow and convenient transaction of data as the value orientation and take clarifying the rights carried on the data object as the starting point.The ownership determination and circulation of original data,collective data,desensitized and modeled data and artificial intelligence data should be dynamically managed base on their hierarchy and classification.A right confirmation framework covering all aspects of data generation and collection,concerning different times and spaces and different subjects will be formed.