采煤沉陷区损害防治对策与技术发展方向

Counter measures and technical development direction of damage prevention in coal mining subsidence area

煤矿采动损害防治与沉陷区治理是我国煤矿区亟待解决的技术难题。客观评价了煤炭开采社会贡献和存在的采动负面效应;较全面地梳理总结了采煤沉陷区治理国家部委政策鼓励、资金支持和技术研发方面取得的进展;归纳了我国东北平原资源枯竭矿区、西部生态脆弱区、中东部平原高潜水位区和西南山区、丘陵岩溶区4种不同区域类型采煤沉陷区采动沉陷损害特征和存量、增量变化情况;提出存量科学治理和增量预防控制的采煤沉陷区防治重点;基于岩层移动控制关口前移、煤矿区采动沉陷预防与损害治理并重理念,提出实现绿色开采采动沉陷损害防治的采前优化设计、采中损害控制和采后科学治理三原则对策;针对采煤沉陷区存量与增量特征,提出东北、西部、中东部与西南采煤沉陷区存量治理关键技术和采煤沉陷区建筑复垦关键技术、增量控制关键技术共6方面治理关键技术发展方向;针对采煤沉陷区综合治理中的不足,提出开展全国范围采煤沉陷区现状调查评估和制定综合治理中长期专项规划,完善采煤沉陷区综合治理利用标准体系,构建新时期采煤沉陷区“源头防治-过程控制-综合利用-全程监测”一体化治理新模式,加大采煤沉陷区综合治理政策和资金支持力度等沉陷区综合治理建议,为我国煤矿采动沉陷损害防治和沉陷区治理技术提供参考。

The prevention and control measures for mining damage in coal mines and the treatment of subsidence areas were technical prob⁃lems to be solved urgently in mining subsidence areas in China.The social contribution of coal mining and the existing negative effects of mining were evaluated objectively in this paper.Then the progress made in the policy encouragement,financial support by national minis⁃tries,and technology research and development in the governance of mining subsidence areas were summarized comprehensively.The char⁃acteristics of mining subsidence damage,stock and incremental changes in four different types of coal mining subsidence areas in northeast plain resource-exhausted mining areas,western ecologically fragile areas,central and eastern plain high water table areas,southwest moun⁃tainous areas,and hilly Karst areas were summarized.The key points of coal mining subsidence prevention and control for scientific stock management and incremental prevention and control were put forward.Based on the concept of movement control forward of rock stratum,and mining subsidence prevention,damage control in coal mining areas,the pre-mining optimization design,in-mining damage control and post-mining damage prevention and control of mining subsidence damage in green mining were proposed.According to the characteristics of stock and increment in mining subsidence area,the six aspects development direction of the key technologies for stock control in the northeast,west,central-eastern and southwest areas,building reclamation,and incremental control in the mining subsidence areas were put forward.In view of the deficiencies in the comprehensive management of coal mining subsidence areas,it is proposed to carry out a nation⁃wide survey and assessment of the status quo of coal mining subsidence areas,formulate medium and long-term special plans for compre⁃hensive management,improve the comprehensive management and utilization standard system of coal mining subsidence areas,construct a new integrated governance model of"source prevention-process control-comprehensive utilization-full-process monitoring"in coal mining subsidence areas in the new ear,and increase comprehensive management policies and financial support for coal mining subsidence areas.It can provide reference for the prevention and control of mining subsidence damage and treatment technology of subsidence in coal mines.