煤矿开采地表沉陷UAV-摄影测量监测技术研究

Study on surface subsidence in coal mining by UAV-photogrammetry monitoring technology

西部矿区开采地表沉陷大多呈变形速度快、损害程度深、波及范围广的特点,常规观测站已无法适应其高强度开采地表损害监测任务。如何快速、准确、全面地监测煤矿高强度大规模开采引起的地表沉陷与环境损害是矿山企业面临解决的一个关键问题。采用无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)摄影测量技术对西部高强度开采的矿区进行地表沉陷监测,给出了基本思路和方法,并以内蒙古鄂尔多斯某煤矿为例进行了应用研究,通过与水准对比评定了UAV摄影测量建立的数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)和沉陷盆地的精度。研究结果表明:UAV摄影测量技术获取的DEM精度为228 mm,沉陷盆地精度为81 mm,沉陷盆地精度为比DEM高程精度提高了64.5%;反演得到的下沉系数与水准求参结果相比,相对误差为1.4%;UAV摄影测量技术可以快速获得地表丰富的遥感影像数据,并可求出“面状”全盆地沉陷数据和可靠的沉陷参数,为矿区生态环境监测以及后续的生态修复和土地复垦提供支撑,研究成果可以为多数西部煤矿开采地表损害监测提供有效手段。

Most of the mining surface subsidence in the western mining area has the characteristics of rapid deformation,deep damage and wide spead.How to quickly,accurately and comprehensively monitor the surface subsidence and environmental damage caused by high-in⁃tensity large-scale mining in coal mines is a key problem faced by mining enterprises.The UAV photogrammetry technology was adopted to monitor the surface subsidence of the mining area with high intensity mining in western China,and the basic ideas and methods were pro⁃posed.Taking Wangjiata coal mine in Ordos,Inner Mongolia as an example,the research on its application was carried out.The accuracy of DEM and subsidence basin established by UAV photogrammetry technology was compared and evaluated.The research results show that the accuracy of DEM obtained by UAV photogrammetry technique is 228 mm,and the accuracy of subsidence basin is 81 mm,which is 64.5%higher than that of DEM.The relative error of subsidence coefficient obtained by inversion is 1.4%compared with that of the level⁃ing results.Abundant remote sensing images of the surface can be speedily acquired by the UAV photogrammetry technique,and the sub⁃sidence data and reliable subsidence parameters of the whole basin can obtained,which can provide support for ecological environment mo⁃nitoring and subsequent ecological restoration and land reclamation in mining areas.The research results of this paper can provide effective means for surface damage monitoring of most of the western coal mining,and have reference value for other similar mining areas.