量刑后风险评估工具研究

Research of Instruments for Post-Sentencing Risk Assessment

本文探讨了一个重要的课题——风险与需求评估(RNA)工具在量刑后决策中的应用。RNA工具主要适用于风险评估,但其原则也适用于需求评估。本文讨论了“公平、效率、有效性和沟通”四个原则,我们认为这四个原则是指引RNA工具的设计和实施的最关键的原则,尽管还有其他原则,但我们的共同经验表明,关注这些维度将对从业人员、研究人员、行业领袖和社会公众有所助益。尤其是,我们认为从业人员应该了解高质量RNA工具的各个方面,确保他们的机构应用并实施最先进的设计流程,从而实现准确预测目标的高保真度,并以此获益。而研究人员则可从一套可见的指导方针中受益,以确保他们与从业人员达成合作伙伴关系,以实现高质量设计和实施这套指导方针的相同目标。

This paper is devoted to an important topic-risk and needs assessment(RNA) instruments for post-sentencing decision-making. It is primarily about risk assessment, but the principles also apply to needs assessments. In this paper, we discuss four principles that we believe are critical to guide both the design and implementation of data-informed decision-making tools: fairness, efficiency, effectiveness, and communication. Although there are other principles, our collective experience reveals that attention to these dimensions would benefit practitioners, researchers, industry leaders, and the general public. In particular, we believe that practitioners should understand the facets of quality RNA tools to ensure that their agency benefits from using state-of-the art design processes and implementing them to achieve high fidelity to the goals of proper prediction. Researchers will benefit from a visible set of guidelines to ensure that their partnerships with practitioners achieve the same goals of high-quality design and implementation.