涉疫情防控犯罪惩治的刑法问题思考与分析

Consideration and analysis of criminal law issues on punishment of crimes related to epidemic prevention and control

在疫情防控特殊时期、紧急状态下,尤其要坚守法治的基本原则和立场,这集中体现在涉疫情犯罪的刑法解释和司法适用中。疫情防控秩序作为复合型新生法益,可以成为打击涉疫情防控犯罪的刑法解释目标,在必要情形下适度采取定性从严方面的入罪解释和量刑从重方面的从重处罚,但应当准确理解从严从重的法理内涵,不得违反禁止重复评价原则。从严从重惩治涉疫情防控犯罪,并不意味着从快,更没有改变宽严相济刑事政策的要求与内涵,也不可能取代宽严相济刑事政策成为基本的、常态的刑事政策,同时必须坚守罪刑法定原则和人权保障原则。涉疫情防控犯罪的认定必须准确把握罪状和罪质,具体分析和认定个罪构成要件,防止一刀切、泛化甚至滥用重罪处罚。

In the special period of epidemic prevention and control and under the state of emergency,the basic principles and position of the rule of law should be upheld.This is refl ected in the interpretation of criminal law and judicial application of epidemic related crimes.As a new compound law benefi t,the order of epidemic prevention and control can become the target of criminal law interpretation to crack down on crimes related to epidemic prevention and control.If necessary,we should appropriately adopt strict interpretation on the nature of the crime and heavier punishment in terms of sentencing.However,we should accurately understand the legal connotation of being strict and serious,and should not violate the principle of prohibiting repeated evaluation.Punishing crimes related to epidemic prevention and control strictly does not mean speeding up the punishment process,or changing the requirements and connotation of the criminal policy of balancing leniency with severity,or replacing it as a basic and normal criminal policy.At the same time,the principle of statutory punishment and the principle of human rights protection must be upheld.When we identify crimes related to epidemic prevention and control,we must accurately identify the facts and nature of the crime,specifi cally analyze and identify the constituent elements of each crime,and avoid the practice that one size fi ts all,generalization and even abuse of felony punishment.