涡虫中枢神经系统再生的研究进展

Research progress on regeneration of central nervous system(CNS) in planarians

与脊椎动物有限的神经再生能力相比,涡虫再生能力极强,在短时间内,切断的涡虫尾部能够再生出完整的头部,且再生的中枢神经系统功能完整,这使其成为研究神经再生分子机制的良好模型。阐明涡虫神经再生的细胞和分子机制对于解决再生医学领域的诸多问题至关重要。该文从多能干细胞的增殖、轴向极性的重建、干细胞的定向分化、比例和功能的恢复等方面综述了涡虫中枢神经系统再生的研究进展。

Compared to the limited capacities for neurogenesis in adult vertebrates, the regenerative capacity of planarians is remarkable. Planarians are able to regenerate an organized and functional CNS from a tail piece within just a few days, which makes these animals a powerful model for understanding the molecular mechanism of adult neurogenesis and regeneration. Elucidation of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neuroregeneration in planarians is crucial for solving multiple pressing problems in the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we reviewed current studies of planarian CNS from several key events involved in regeneration: proliferation of neural stem cells, re-establishment of axial polarity, stem cell differentiation, size control and organ proportionality and functional recovery.