基于虚拟现实的钢结构桥梁装配化施工仿真系统

Simulation System of Steel Bridge Prefabricated Construction Based on Virtual Reality

为提高钢结构桥梁装配质量,降低装配风险,使用SoidWorks和3ds Max软件建立钢结构桥梁施工场景模型,采用C#语言编写装配系统的核心脚本,提出并实现系统UI设计方案,结合Steam VR 2.0插件,以实际工程建设项目作为仿真分析对象,研究虚拟现实技术在钢结构桥梁装配过程中的应用。基于Unity3D虚拟引擎平台,设计并开发第一人称视角的沉浸式钢桥虚拟装配系统,采用HTC Vive外接式头戴设备对接系统调试运行,最终实现人机交互操作。结果表明:钢桥吊装施工过程中,汽车起重机吊臂最大工作长度为33.554 m,最大起升高度为12.365 m,主臂最大仰角为62.34°,各钢桥节段关键参数均未超过额定值,保证了施工质量和结构安全;施工起重机在起吊阶段最大起升高度应高于6.7 m,防止构件与各钢桥节段碰撞干涉;在此基础上,提高节段2的起升高度可排除桥梁节段间碰撞危险;用户进行虚拟装配操作,验证了射线检测与UI交互功能的可行性;现场应用表明所设计的系统稳定可靠,系统可预测施工过程风险并优化施工方案,提升了钢桥施工过程中智能化和自动化水平。

In order to improve the assembly quality of steel bridges and reduce assembly risks, the SolidWorks and 3 ds Max software were used to build the construction scene model of steel bridges, C# language was adopted to write the core script for realizing the assembly system, and the design scheme of system UI was proposed and realized. Combined with Steam VR 2.0 plug-in unit, the virtual reality technology application in the assembly process of steel bridge was studied with taking actual engineering construction project as simulation analysis object. Based on Unity3 D virtual engine platform, an immersive virtual assembly system from a first-person perspective for prefabricated steel bridges was designed and developed. HTC Vive external headset docking system to debug and run was used, and the human-computer interaction was finally realized. The results show that the maximum working length of bridge crane boom is 33.554 m, the maximum lifting height is 12.365 m, the maximum elevation angle of main boom is 62.34°, and the key parameters of each steel bridge segment do not exceed the rated value, which guaranteed the construction quality and structure safety. During the lifting process, the maximum lifting height of crane should be higher than 6.7 m, so as to prevent the collision and interference between the crane components and each steel bridge segment. On this basis, the lifting height of the second segment is increased to eliminate the risks of collision between bridge segments. The users perform the virtual assembly operations, which verifies feasibility of ray detection and UI interaction. The on-site applications show that the designed system is stable and reliable. The system can predict construction process risks, optimize construction schemes, and improve level of intelligence and automation in the construction process of steel bridges.