父母幼时ADHD症状经历与其教养ADHD儿童方式的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between parents′experiences of ADHD symptoms in childhood and their ways of rearing ADHD children

目的探讨父母幼时注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)症状经历对其教养ADHD儿童的影响,为ADHD父母培训是否纳入ADHD症状体验提供科学依据。方法选取2018年1月~2020年12月在宁波市康宁医院少儿心理科门诊就诊的ADHD儿童360例,采用自编一般情况问卷、父母幼时ADHD症状回忆问卷和父母教养方式评价问卷进行调查。按父亲、母亲幼时有无ADHD症状经历分组,采用独立样本t检验和χ^(2)检验比较一般情况,Spearman相关分析父母幼时ADHD症状经历与其教养方式的相关性。结果按父亲幼时有无ADHD症状经历分组,仅健康状况构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.157,P=0.046);按母亲幼时有无ADHD症状经历分组,仅家庭人均住房面积构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.735,P=0.033)。Spearman相关分析显示,父亲幼时有ADHD症状经历与父母情感温暖理解ADHD儿童显著正相关(r=0.786,P=0.000,r=0.171,P=0.001);与父亲过度保护、母亲拒绝否认ADHD儿童显著负相关(r=-0.633,P=0.000,r=-0.178,P=0.001)。母亲幼时有ADHD症状经历与父母情感温暖理解ADHD儿童显著正相关(r=0.222,P=0.000,r=0.639,P=0.000),与父亲过分干涉、父亲拒绝否认,母亲拒绝否认、母亲严厉惩罚ADHD儿童显著负相关(r=-0.196,P=0.000,r=-0.128,P=0.016,r=-0.387,P=0.000,r=-0.470,P=0.000)。结论父母幼时有ADHD症状经历,能激发父母感同身受理解ADHD儿童问题行为,促发积极教养方式,因而可考虑将ADHD症状体验因子加入父母小组培训。

Objective To investigate the effect of parents′experience of ADHD symptoms in childhood on their rearing children with ADHD and to provide a scientific basis for whether ADHD parental training is included in the experience of ADHD symptoms.Methods From January 2018 to December 2020,a total of 360 children with ADHD who visited the pediatric psychology clinic of our hospital were investigated with a self-made general condition questionnaire,parental ADHD Symptom Recall Questionnaire in childhood,and parental rearing style evaluation questionnaire.According to the presence or absence of ADHD symptom experiences in fathers and mothers in childhood,an independent sample t-test andχ^(2) test were used to compare the general condition.Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between parental ADHD symptoms experiences in childhood and their rearing style.Results There was only a difference in the constituent ratio of health status according to the presence or absence of fathers′ADHD symptom experience in childhood(χ^(2)=6.157,P=0.046).There was only a difference in the constituent ratio of per capita housing area in families according to the presence or absence of mothers′ADHD symptom experience in childhood(χ^(2)=8.735,P=0.033).Spearman correlation analysis showed that paternal experience of ADHD symptoms in childhood was significantly positively correlated with parental emotional warmth and understanding ADHD children(r=0.786,P=0.000,r=0.171,P=0.001),and significantly negatively correlated with paternal overprotection,maternal refusal to deny ADHD children(r=-0.633,P=0.000,r=?0.178,P=0.001).Maternal experience of ADHD symptoms in childhood was significantly positively correlated with parental emotional warmth and understanding ADHD children(r=0.222,P=0.000,r=0.639,P=0.000),and was significantly negatively correlated with paternal excessive interference,paternal refusal to deny,maternal refusal to deny,and maternal severe punishment of ADHD children(r=-0.196,P=0.000,r=-0.128,P=0.016,r=-0.387,P=0.000,r=-0.470,P=0.000).Conclusion Parents with ADHD symptoms in childhood can stimulate parents to understand the problem behavior of children with ADHD empathically and promote positive parenting methods.Therefore,the ADHD symptom experience factor can be considered to be added to parental group training.