国家、家庭、个人:“三位一体”农村养老服务供给模式创新研究

State,Family and Individual:Research on the Innovation of"Trinity"Rural Elderly Care Service Supply Model

随着农村人口老龄化的加速发展,农村养老服务供给问题日益凸显。国家治理的现代化、人口与社会转型以及养老服务的属性,要求国家、家庭、个人在农村养老服务供给中协同发挥作用。但在实践中,国家、家庭、个人尚未形成有效互动,国家主体责任承担不足、家庭逃避赡养责任与个人缺乏自我养老能力并存。其原因在于国家、家庭、个人责任界定模糊,国家能力有限与政策有效性不足,家庭功能弱化与孝道式微,以及个人养老观念的固化与生活能力下降。完善农村养老服务供给,应建立责任共担机制,发挥国家主导性作用、家庭基础性作用和老年人补充性作用,形成“三位一体”农村养老服务供给模式。

With the accelerated development of rural population aging,the supply of rural elderly care services has become increasingly prominent.The modernization of national governance,population and social transformation,and the attributes of elderly care services require the state,family and individual to play a synergistic role in the supply of rural elderly care services.However,in practice,the state,family and individual have not yet formed an effective interaction,the state responsibility is insufficient,the family evaded the responsibility of maintenance,and the lack of personal ability are intractable problems.The reason lies in the vague definition of the state,family and personal responsibilities,the limitation of national capacity and the inadequate of policy effectiveness,the weakening of family function and the decline of filial piety,as well as the solidification of attitude towards providing for the aged and the decline of living ability.To form a"Trinity"rural elderly care services supply model and improve the supply of rural elderly care services,the government should establish a responsibility-sharing mechanism,give play to the leading role of the state,the basic role of the family and the supplementary role of the elderly.