扩大汉语中介语语料库语料来源的途径

Ways to Expand the Sources of Chinese Interlanguage Corpus

语料分布是语料平衡性的集中体现,与语料库的功能与使用价值密切相关,是语料库建设中一个十分重要的问题。以往的汉语中介语语料库建设并未很好地解决这一问题,对基于语料库的汉语教学与研究产生了相当程度的影响。这一问题的产生与语料库建设者对语料库的认识和建库经验有关,也与国际中文教育形势的发展有关,与不同国家和中国的地缘距离、历史、政治、经济、贸易、外交、文化、教育等因素密切相关。该问题可从国内、国外两方面加以解决:通过国内汉语教学单位广泛收集目的语环境中的外国学习者产出的汉语语料;通过外派汉语教师、孔子学院、孔子课堂收集非目的语环境中的学习者语料。而学界的理解与支持、强有力的组织保障、明确可行的语料采集标准与操作规范、专业化的团队与运作则是解决语料来源问题的重要条件。

Distribution of corpus data is the concentrated reflection of the balance of corpus data,which is closely related to the function and use value of a corpus,and is a very important issue in corpus construction.The previous construction of Chinese interlanguage corpus has not provided effective solutions,which has had a considerable impact on corpus-based Chinese teaching and research.The emergence of this problem is related to the corpus builders’understanding of the corpus and their experience of building a corpus,as well as the development of the international Chinese education situation,and the geographical distance,history,politics,economy,trade,diplomacy,culture and education factors of different countries and China.This problem can be solved from two aspects at home and abroad:the Chinese language materials produced by foreign learners in the target language environment are widely collected through domestic Chinese language teaching units;the learners’language materials in non-target language environments are collected through expatriate teachers,Confucius Institutes,and Confucius Classrooms.The understanding and support from the academic community,strong organizational guarantees,clear and feasible standards and operating norms of corpus data collection,and professional teams and operations are important conditions for solving the problem of corpus data sources.