“梅词第一”之争的词学史考察

A Study of the History of Lyricism in the Controversy over "The First Plum Lyrics"

词史上被评为“梅词第一”的作品共有五首,即周邦彦的《花犯》、苏轼的《西江月》、晁补之的《盐角儿》和姜夔的《暗香》《疏影》,它们分别得到了南宋何士信与张炎、明代杨慎、清代李调元以及浙西、常州两大词派的认可。这些认可,既反映了南宋至清代不同时期的词坛风貌,又展现了咏物词之创作由共情感发到思力安排的变化过程。而不同时代的词评家在面对“梅词第一”的论题时,所表现出的与前人对话的心态,也成为我们观察古典词学史演进的一个微观视角。

There are five works in the history of lyricism that have been rated as the ’first plum lyric’,namely Zhou Bang-yan’s ’The Flower Offender’,Su Shi’s ’The Moon of the Western River’,Chao Bu-zhi’s ’The Salt Corner’ and Jiang Kui’s ’Dark Fragrance’ and ’Sparse Shadows’,which were recognized by He Shi-xin and Zhang Yan of the Southern Song Dynasty,Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty,Li Diao-yuan of the Qing Dynasty and the two major lyric schools of Zhexi and Changzhou respectively.These acknowledgments reflect the style of the lyric world at different times from the Southern Song to the Qing dynasties,and show the process of evolution in the creation of aria lyrics from communal emotion to thoughtful arrangement.The mentality of engaging in dialogues with the predecessors that the critics of different eras demonstrate when confronted with the thesis of the ’first plum lyric’ has also become a microcosmic perspective through which we can observe the evolution of the history of classical lyricism.