基于位置分配模型的小学布局合理性评估研究——以沈阳市市内五区为例

Study on the Rationalization of Primary School Layout Based on Location Assignment Model——A Case Study of the Five Districts in Shenyang City

采用GIS位置分配模型可测算设施可达性与服务能力,实现设施合理化配置。基于沈阳市市内五区小学及学生、道路网等数据,利用最小化阻抗模型从小学设施分布现状、小学可达性及各校规模合理性3方面评估了小学布局合理性。主要结论如下:①研究区内存在小学设施分布不均的情况。②有33.8%的学生可享受500 m内就近上学,有1/5的学生无法在1000 m内到达小学,应考虑在这些学生分布区域新增小学设施。③大部分小学现有规模有待调整。需优先扩大规模进行扩招的小学共计18所,需优先缩小规模的小学共计24所,这些学校应进行重点优化,以便提升小学布局合理性,减少教育资源浪费,方便小学生上学。

Location assignment model for GIS can measure the accessibility and service capacity of facilities and realize the rationalization of facility allocation.Based on the data of elementary schools and students and road networks in five districts of Shenyang city,this paper evaluates the rationality of elementary school layout in three aspects:the current situation of elementary school facilities,the accessibility of elementary schools and the rationality of each school's scale by using the minimization impedance model.The main conclusions are as follows:①There is an uneven distribution of elementary school facilities in urban Shenyang City.②There are 33.8%of students who can enjoy schooling within 500m,and one-fifth of students cannot reach elementary school within 1000m,so new elementary school facilities should be considered in these student distribution areas.③Most of the existing size of elementary schools needs to be adjusted.A total of 18 elementary school needs to be prioritized for expansion and a total of 24 elementary schools need to be prioritized for downsizing.These schools should be prioritized and optimized in order to improve the rationality of elementary school layout,reduce the waste of educational resources,and facilitate elementary school students’access to school.