甘德《南部弗吉尼亚野外指南》中的生态思想

Ecological Thinking in“Field Guide to Southern Virginia”

美国当代生态诗人弗瑞斯特·甘德在其唯一入选《生态诗人和生态诗歌》的诗作《南部弗吉尼亚野外指南》中采用杂糅地质学等学科术语和后现代诗歌审美表达的实验手法,将地球律动、自然演变与人类最原始的欲望交织,创造性地呈现了人与自然由失调的变奏曲到和谐的交响曲这一微妙变化。甘德对人与自然、人与人之间和谐共生的“生命共同体”进行了三个层面的诗学阐释:首先,诗中呈现的自然遵循着自身休养生息的节奏,体现了自然的内在价值,而人类只有尊重自然自身的价值,顺应自然的规律,才能真正保护自然;其次,“生命共同体”理念并非是回避人的主体性,而是倡导减少人类对自然的过度劫掠,适度地利用自然;最后,人与自然、人与人之间的关系由失调走向和谐,最终走向重生的历程,预示着我们只有做到尊重自然、顺应自然,才能真正保护自然,使得人和自然这一“生命共同体”拥有发展的可持续性。甘德倡导尊重自然、顺应自然、适度利用自然,与儒家“天人合一”“和合”理念倡导的生态思想不谋而合。

Forrest Gander,a contemporary American poet,experimented on the hybridity of geological terminology and post⁃modernist aesthetic expressions in his poem“Field Guide to Southern Virginia”.It interwove the dynamism of the Earth,evolution of nature and the primitive desire of human being,innovatively representing the subtle change from a concerto in discord to the symphony in harmony co⁃played by human and nature.In the poem,Gander made three layers of poetic representation of the harmonious symbiosis between human and nature,and among human beings.First,nature presented in the poem has its own rules,which is an exhibition of nature's intrinsic value.Only when we human beings respect nature's value and abide by its rules,can we protect nature in a real sense.Second,the advocation of“life community”was not to neglect human subjectivity,but to reduce the excessive exploitation of nature by human beings and make appropriate use of nature.Last,the process depicted in the poem from discord to harmony and then to revival signifies that we can maintain the sustainable development of the life community shared by man and nature only when we respect,abide by and protect nature.Overall,it echoes with the ecological idea of“harmony between human and nature”and“unity and harmony”contained in Confucian view of human⁃nature relationship.