清代苗疆书院与“大一统”的国家建构逻辑

Academies of the Miao Ethnic Group and the State Construction Logic of"Great Unification"in the Qing Dynasty

苗疆书院于清初渐兴,乾嘉“苗变”后快速发展。借此,传统中国成熟的德治原则、“大一统”思想文化和为中华民族历史文化认同的正统观念和意识形态全面渗入苗疆,并重建“边缘”之地共同的精神信仰,强化各族民众一体的政治与国家认同。相较一般意义上书院的文化指向和教育教化功能,作为“边缘”之地国家化进程的重要一环和表征,苗疆书院始终贯有清晰的“大一统”国家建构逻辑,在清代苗疆社会变迁的具体历史情境中,其政治意蕴更为突出。

Academies of the Miao ethnic group developed rapidly after the turn of Qianlong(1736-1795)and Jiaqing(1796-1820)regimes since the gradual prosperity in the early Qing Dynasty(1636-1912).In this way,the traditional Chinese mature principle of rule by virtue,the ideology and culture of"great unification"and the orthodoxy and ideology identified by the history and culture of the Chinese nation have infiltrated into the Miao frontiers in an all-round way,and rebuilt the common spiritual belief in the"marginal"place,strengthening the political and national identity of the people of all ethnic groups.Compared with the cultural orientation and educational and teaching function of the academy in general,the Miao academy,as an important link and representation of the nationalization process of the"marginal"place,has always had a clear logic of"unified"state construction.In the specific historical context of the social changes in Miao frontiers in the Qing Dynasty,its political implication is particularly prominent.