景区带村模式下普者黑农户生计资本与策略研究

Study on Rural Household′s Livelihood Capital and Livelihood Strategy in Puzhehei Scenic Spot Under the Model of Scenic Area Belt Village

以云南普者黑国家5A级景区为案例地开展实地调查,基于可持续生计框架构建农户生计资本评价体系,对景区周边农户生计策略进行识别,利用二元logistic回归、多元logistic回归,探究生计资本存量对生计策略选择和转化的影响。结果表明:农户生计策略主要为旅游主营型、旅游兼营型、务农型和务工型4类,其中旅游主营型和旅游兼营型农户生计资本存量明显高于务农型和务工型农户。自然、金融、社会、感知资本对农户选择旅游主营型生计策略有正面影响;物质、人力资本对农户选择旅游兼营型生计策略具有正面影响,金融资本则具有负面影响;自然资本对农户选择务农型生计策具有正面影响,物质、人力和社会资本具有负面影响;自然资本对农户选择务工型生计策略有负面影响。物质资本和社会资本是非旅游型农户向旅游型农户转变的关键因子。在此基础上,从6大生计资本有机结合的角度,提出提升农户生计水平、加速农户生计策略转变的相关建议。

Taking the national 5A scenic spot of Puzhehei in Yunnan Province as an example to carry out field investigation,construction of livelihood capital evaluation system based on sustainable livelihood framework,identifying the livelihood strategies of rural households around the scenic spots.Using binary logistic regression and multiple logistic regression to explore the impact of livelihood capital stock on livelihood strategy selection and transformation.The result shows that the strategies of peasant household′s livelihood mainly include 4 types:tourism-oriented,tourism-oriented,agriculture-oriented and labor-oriented.The subsistence capital stock of tourism-oriented and tourism-oriented is obviously higher than agriculture-oriented and labor-oriented.Nature,finance,society and perceived capital have positive influence on farmers′choice of tourism-oriented livelihood strategy.The material and human capital has positive influence on the choice of tourism-oriented livelihood strategy,and the financial capital has negative influence.Natural capital has a positive impact on the choice of agriculture-oriented livelihood strategy,while material,human and social capital have a negative impact.Natural capital has a negative impact on choice of labor-oriented livelihood strategies.Material capital and social capital are the key factors for non-tourist farmers to change into tourist farmers.On this basis,from the perspective of the organic combination of the 6 livelihood capital,this paper puts forward some suggestions on improving the livelihood level and accelerating the transformation of the livelihood strategy of rural households.