黄河流域横向生态补偿的理论解析与制度完善

Theoretical Analysis and System Perfection of Horizontal Ecological Compensation in the Yellow River Basin

横向生态补偿是推动黄河流域高质量发展的重要制度创新,对促进流域上下游地区发展具有较强的现实意义。黄河流域生态的公共性、外部性与系统性决定合作型环境治理模式应为横向生态补偿的制度内涵,科斯定理为制度核心,公法性质为制度属性。然而,黄河流域横向生态补偿统一的立法阙如、上下游协同不足、补偿模式单一及行政监管体系破碎等问题导致该制度在实践中推进困难,需要通过完善立法体系、强化协同效应、实现多元化补偿模式、健全行政监管体系等举措,促进黄河流域生态的合作治理,推动黄河流域横向生态补偿制度的发展完善。

Horizontal ecological compensation is an important institutional innovation to promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin and has a strong practical significance to promote the development of the upper and lower reaches of the river basin.The publicity,externality and systematicness of ecology in the Yellow River basin determine that the cooperative environmental governance mode should have the institutional connotation of horizontal compensation,coase theorem as the institutional core and the nature of public law as the institutional attribute.However,it is difficult to promote the system in practice due to the lack of legislation for the unification of horizontal compensation system,the lack of coordination between upstream and downstream,the single compensation mode and the broken administrative supervision system.It is necessary to improve the legislative system,strengthen the synergistic effect,realize the diversified compensation mode,and improve the administrative supervision system,so as to promote the cooperative management of watershed ecology and promote the development and perfection of the horizontal compensation system.