环境司法中预防性民事责任的相关规定及其司法困境

Relevant Provisions on Preventive Civil Liability in Environmental Justice and Its Judicial Predicament

当前我国环境司法制度的救济方法仍然集中在生态环境损害赔偿事后救济上,这种传统的事后救济模式不足以有效保护生态环境。为了更好应对多变的环境问题,我国开始从预防性救济角度进行探索。目前我国环境司法中存在预防性责任构成要件不明确,缺乏统一制度支撑等问题。为充分发挥环境司法的预防价值,可以从明确“重大风险”的界定、建立完善统一的环境损害预防禁令制度、强化法院在预防性民事责任救济中的作用等方面作出改善。

At present,the remedy of Chinese environmental judicial system is still focused on the afterwards remedy,such as eco-environmental damage compensation,which cannot effectively protect the ecological environment.In order to better deal with the ever-changing environmental problems,China began to explore from the perspective of preventive relief,but there are-some problems in Chinese environmental justice,such as unclear elements of preventive responsibility,lack of unified system support and so on.In order to give full play to the preventive value of environmental justice,improvements can be made from the following aspects:defining the′major risk′,establishing and perfecting the unified system of environmental damage prevention injunction,and strengthening the role of the court in the relief of preventive civil liability.