流域生态补偿机制的实施框架与优化策略

Implementation Framework and Optimization Strategy of Watershed Ecological Compensation Mechanism

流域生态补偿是平衡流域上下游经济发展和生态保护的重要政策工具,是推进流域可持续发展的有效手段。健全的流域生态补偿机制是开展流域生态环境治理工作的关键保障。目前,国内流域生态补偿存在着相关管理政策建设滞后、补偿主客体不明晰、补偿标准技术评估体系不完善、补偿方式和资金来源渠道单一、补偿机制缺乏长效性等问题。为此,提出五点优化策略以完善补偿机制,推动流域协调治理:完善管理机制,提供法律支持;把握流域状况,明晰责任主体;细化标准规则,制定核算指南;活用补偿方式,拓宽资金渠道;建立多元机制,提升补偿效能。

Watershed ecological compensation is an important policy tool to balance the economic development and ecological protection in upstream and downstream watersheds,and it is an effective method to promote the sustainable development of watersheds.A sound watershed ecological compensation mechanism is a key guarantee for watershed ecological environment management.At present,there are some problems in watershed ecological compensation in China,such as lagging construction of relevant management policies,unclear subject and object of compensation,imperfect technical evaluation system of compensation standards,single compensation mode and fund source channel,lack of long-term effectiveness of compensation mechanism and so on.Therefore,five optimization strategies are summarized to improve the compensation mechanism and promote the coordinated management of watersheds:improving the management mechanism and providing legal support;grasping the situation of watersheds and clarifying the subject of responsibility;refining the standard rules and formulating accounting guidelines;making flexible use of compensation methods and broadening the funding channels;establishing a diversified mechanism and improving the effectiveness of compensation.