1965-2020年西藏麻风流行情况分析

Epidemiological analysis of Leprosy in Tibet from 1965 to 2020

目的:分析西藏自治区麻风流行情况,为制定新的防治策略提供科学依据。方法:对西藏1965-2020年麻风防治工作的历史资料和流行病学资料进行收集,汇总整理后进行描述性分析。结果:1965-2020年全区共累计新发麻风患者4135例,发现率由最高年份1988年的22.07/10^(5)下降到2020年的0.05/10^(5);患病率由最高年份1981年的6.04/10^(4)下降至2020年的0.04/10^(4)。昌都市和林芝市占新发病例的79.59%;病例平均发现年龄为29.27岁;男女比为1.39∶1;儿童病例202例,儿童占比4.89%,其中2011-2020年间有3例儿童病例;多菌型2390例,少菌型1745例,多菌型占比为57.80%;2级畸残率从1965-1970年的20.81%下降至2011-2020年的15.63%,呈下降趋势。结论:西藏麻风流行状态总体呈下降趋势,但还存在儿童麻风病例及畸残患者,需继续强化麻风的早期诊断和治疗,缩短诊断延迟期,降低畸残率。

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological situation of leprosy in Tibet Autonomous Region from 1965 to 2020,to provide scientific basis for formulating new prevention and control strategies.Methods:Historical and epidemiological data on leprosy prevention and treatment in Tibet from 1965-2020 were collected for descriptive analysis.Results:There were a total of 4135 new leprosy cases in the region from 1965 to 2020,and the annual detection rate decreased from 22.07/100,000 in 1988,the highest annual detection rate,to 0.05/100,000 in 2020.The annual prevalence rate decreased from 6.04/10,000 in 1981,the highest annual prevalence rate,to 0.038/10,000 in 2020.Changdu and Nyingchi accounted for 79.59% of the new cases.The mean age of cases was 29.27 years old.The ratio of male to female was 1.39∶1.There were 202(4.89%)children cases,including 3 case in 2011 to 2020.The type ratio was 1.37∶1.The grade 2 disability ratio showed a decreasing trend,which decreased from 20.81% to 15.36%.Conclusion:The prevention of leprosy in Tibet over the past 56 years is generally declining,but there are leprosy cases in children case and patients with grade 2 disability.Early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy need to be strengthen in order to shorten diagnostic delay of and reduce the disability ratio.