动车组车钩缓冲装置橡胶缓冲器失效机理分析及优化

Failure Mechanism Analysis and Performance Optimization of Rubber Draft Gear of Coupler Buffer in EMU

基于目前动车组车钩缓冲装置的检修要求,为了延长动车组的检修周期,对橡胶缓冲器进行了动载荷耐久试验和热老化试验。通过对比分析两项试验后橡胶缓冲器的自由高数据,发现交变动载荷只对初始状态的橡胶缓冲器作用效果明显,而橡胶材料的老化才是导致橡胶缓冲器失效的主要因素。研发出橡胶缓冲器改良品,并对其进行耐久性试验和热老化试验,发现改良后的橡胶缓冲器耐老化性能较改良前有显著改善,满足取消动车组运行120万km(约3年)分解检修的要求。

Based on the maintenance requirements of current EMU coupler buffer device,to prolong the maintenance cycle of EMU,the dynamic load endurance test and thermal aging test are carried out on the rubber draft gear.By comparing and analyzing the free height data of the rubber draft gear after the two tests,it is found that the alternating dynamic load only has a significant effect on the rubber draft gear in the initial state,and the aging of the rubber material is the main factor leading to function failure.Modified rubber draft gear is developed,on which endurance test and thermal aging test are carried out.Results show that aging resistance performance of the modified rubber draft gear is significantly improved,which meets the requirements to cancel the breakdown maintenance for every 1.2 million km(about 3 years).