军工企业混合所有制改革成效——基于三阶段DEA模型的实证研究

Effects of mixed-ownership reform on military-industrial enterprises:empirical research based on the Three-Stage DEA Model

军工企业混合所有制改革的目的在于盘活资源、发挥优势,提高军工企业的核心竞争力。创新能力是军工企业获得市场化竞争力的关键,本文选取2015—2019年中国十大军工集团上市公司作为研究样本,基于创新价值链视角,利用三阶段DEA模型测算军工企业创新效率,并分析混合所有制改革对研究开发和成果转化两阶段创新效率的影响。研究发现,军工企业的两阶段创新效率均未达到随机前沿切面,但创新成果转化效率总体上优于创新研发效率;五年内,研发效率在显著提升,创新成果转化效率提升效果不明显,甚至有个别年份效率降低;外部环境对效率的影响程度不大,与军工企业自身特点相符合;混合所有制改革对创新效率的激励效果主要体现在研究开发阶段。

In the context of military-industrial enterprises(MIEs),the aim of mixed-ownership reform(MOR)is to revitalize these enterprises,fully benefit from their advantages,and improve their core competitiveness.Innovation is critical for corporate competitiveness.The impact of MOR on the top-10 listed Chinese MIEs from 2015 to 2019 is analyzed from the perspective of the innovation value chain by using Three-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)Model to estimate innovation efficiency of MIEs,in terms of the two stages of innovation efficiency:research and development(R&D)and transformation of research achievements(TRA).It is found that the selected MIEs have not reached the stochastic frontier level in either stage of innovation efficiency.However,TRA efficiencies are generally higher than R&D efficiencies.From 2015 to 2019,R&D efficiency improved significantly,whereas TRA efficiency did not.TRA efficiency even decreased in some years.The external environment has little effect on TRA or R&D efficiency,which is consistent with the characteristics of MIEs.Therefore,the effects of MOR on the innovation efficiency of MIEs are primarily manifested in terms of R&D.