高花青素茶呈色与花青素积累机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of color generation and anthocyanin accumulation in anthocyanin-rich tea

茶叶(Camellia sinensis)是世界上最受欢迎的无酒精饮料,也是最古老的饮料。中国作为茶叶的发源地,拥有丰富的茶叶资源。高花青素紫芽茶作为一种特殊的茶叶变种,其中的花青素不仅有利于提高茶树自身抵抗逆境的能力,还有显著的抗氧化、抗肿瘤、消炎及预防心脑血管疾病等保健功效,越来越受到人们的关注。近年来,对于高花青素紫芽茶树的研究主要集中在育种和茶叶适制性,以及花青素的生物合成机制。本文综述了近年来高花青素茶树的育种工作、紫芽茶中的花青素成分、高花青素茶的叶片呈色机制以及花青素合成与积累的生物学机制,并对今后的发展方向提出展望,以期更加全面的理解花青素的合成、转运和降解机制,构建健全的高花青素茶种质体系,为进一步开发利用高花青素茶资源提供理论依据,也为其他植物花青素的研究提供参考。

Tea(camellia sinensis)is the most popular non-alcoholic beverage and the oldest drink in the world.As the birthplace of tea,China has abundant tea resources.Anthocyanin-rich purple tea as a special variety of tea,its anthocyanin not only benefit to improve the tea tree’s ability to resist adversity,but also have significant health benefits,such as antioxidant,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular disease prevention,which are receiving more and more attention.In recent years,the hotspot of anthocyanin-rich purple tea mainly focuses on breeding and tea suitability,as well as the biosynthetic mechanism of anthocyanin.This paper reviewed the research status of anthocyanin-rich tea breeding,as well as anthocyanin composition in purple tea,the mechanism of leaf coloring formation in anthocyanin-rich tea,and mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in recent years,presented an outlook on the development direction about anthocyanin-rich tea.In order to understand comprehensively the biosynthesis,transport and degradation mechanism of anthocyanin,and built a germplasm system on anthocyanin-rich tea,which provides a theoretical basis for further utilization of anthocyanin-rich tea resource and a reference for the study of other anthocyanin-rich plants.