鱼胶基原鱼种鉴定技术研究进展

Research progress of identification techniques for original species of isinglass

鱼胶作为我国传统滋补药材,近年来其消费市场日益繁荣,鱼胶基原鱼种来源范围不断扩大,尤其是进口基原鱼种占比不断提升,部分市售鱼胶真伪难辨,鱼胶基原鱼种鉴定需求不断增加。本文概述了鱼胶基原鱼种形态学鉴定法、光学分析法和分子生物学鉴定法的发展历程、应用情况,对比了分子生物学方法中不同基因片段、不同引物等的适用性,分析了上述方法的优缺点。传统形态学鉴定具有快速、不需要鉴定人员具备较高实验操作能力的优势,但依赖专家个人经验和观察手段,且对鱼胶残片等形态特征缺失的样品鉴定能力有限;光学分析法无法精确到种属;而以DNA条形码技术为主的分子生物学方法是对某一特定区域的DNA序列排列顺序进行对比分析,鉴定结果准确,但较为耗时。由于鱼胶是动物组织干制品,在物种鉴定方面具有形态信息较少、样品处理时间较长等特点,本文有针对性地综合国内外相关研究,对特殊动物组织物种鉴定研究方法进行了综述,为以后进口贸易或市场监管中如何优化鉴定技术提供理论依据。

As a traditional tonic medicine in China,isinglass has become increasingly prosperous in its consumption market in recent years,and the source range of original fish species has been continuously expanded,especially the proportion of those which are imported has been continuously increased,it is difficult to distinguish the authenticity of some commercially available isinglass,and the demand for identification of original fish species has been increasing.This paper summarized the development and application of morphological identification,optical analysis and molecular biology identification of original fish species for isinglass,compared the applicability of different gene sequences and different primers in molecular biology methods,and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the above methods.Traditional morphological identification has the advantage of being fast and requiring no testers to have high experimental operation ability,but it relies on the personal experience and observation means of experts,and has limited identification ability for samples with missing morphological characteristics such as isinglass fragments;optical analysis cannot be accurate to species;the molecular biology method based on DNA barcode technology performs comparative analysis on the DNA sequence arrangement order of a specific region,and the identification result is accurate,but time-consuming.As isinglass is a dry product of animal tissues,it has the characteristics of less morphological information and longer sample processing time in species identification,this paper based on the relevant research at home and abroad,reviewed the research methods of species identification of special animal tissues,which will provide a theoretical basis for how to optimize the identification technology in the future import trade or market supervision.