黔东南苗族刺绣传承路径调查研究

Study on the inheritance path of Miao embroidery in Southeast Guizhou

基于黔东南苗族刺绣面临传承困难这一背景,文章采用田野调查与文献查阅相结合的方法,对其传承路径进行了调查研究,并得到以下几点认识。首先,基于文化自觉的民间力量是苗族刺绣传承的基石。苗族刺绣传承以家庭内部的母女相承为主,借助花样本这一有效的传承媒介,年轻的苗家姑娘获得了技术指导和帮助,而邻里之间的长幼相授作为家庭传承之外的补充,同样发挥着重要的作用。其次,基于文化保护的政府力量是苗族刺绣传承的有力保障。在政府主导下,社会各界通过创办民族刺绣企业,使苗族刺绣逐渐实现由“指尖技术”向“指尖经济”的转变。最后,基于文化发展的市场力量是苗族刺绣传承的强大动力。由于苗族刺绣兼具文化性与商品性双重属性,苗族刺绣产品的创造性转化成为未来苗绣可持续发展的必经之路。

Based on the background that Miao embroidery in Southeast Guizhou is facing the difficulty of inheritance, this paper uses the method of combining field investigation and literature review to investigate and study its path, and obtains the following understanding. Firstly, the folk force based on cultural consciousness is the cornerstone of Miao embroidery inheritance. The inheritance of Miao embroidery is mainly based on the family. The main mode of transmission of Miao embroidery is from mother to daughter. The pattern was originally a tool for the daughter to learn embroidery, and the young Miao girl received technical guidance and help, while the help of neighbors was equally important. Secondly, the government power based on cultural protection is a strong guarantee for the inheritance of Miao embroidery. Under the guidance of the government, all sectors of society have gradually realized the transformation from "fingertip technology" to "fingertip economy" through the establishment of ethnic embroidery enterprises. Finally, the market force based on cultural development is a strong driving force for the inheritance of Miao embroidery. Because Miao embroidery has both cultural and commercial attributes, the creative transformation of Miao embroidery products has become the only way for the sustainable development of Miao embroidery in the future.