夏克式家具的制造与设计观

Research on the Manufacture and Design Concept of the Shaker Furniture

18世纪晚期进入美国的夏克派家具被视为一种民族特有信念的产物,是美国工艺美术运动时期出现的一种由教派信徒自己制造工具设备、设计和生产且具有显著“夏克风格”特征的家具类型。夏克派以朴素和谦逊的信念为导向,受到震颤派教义或“会规”崇尚自然、追求俭朴生活方式的影响,在自给自足的社区实践中倡导简约、纯净、实用和反对装饰的设计理念。夏克派家具奉行“优美即实用”的美学原则和“材美工巧”的价值观,持续影响了众多的著名设计品牌和设计师,是现代理性主义和功能主义设计思想的先声,对于今天唤醒人们朴实的生活方式仍具有现实意义。

Shaker furniture,which entered the United States in the late 18th century,was regarded as a product of a distinctive national belief.It emerged during the American Arts and Crafts Movement,and was a type of furniture with distinctive"Shaker style"characteristics,which was made,designed and produced by sectarians themselves.Guided by the belief in simplicity and humility,and influenced by the Shaker doctrine or congregation's reverence for nature and the pursuit of a frugal lifestyle,the Shakers advocated a design philosophy of simplicity,purity,practicality and opposition to ornamentation in the practice of self-sufficient communities.Shakers furniture pursues the aesthetic principle of"beauty is practical"and the value of"beauty in material and artistry",which has continued to influence many famous design brands and designers,and is the precursor of modern rationalism and functionalism design ideas.It is still of practical significance to awaken people's simple way of living today.