森林群落结构研究进展

Research Progress on Forest Community Structures

结构特征是森林群落的重要特征之一,不同群落中相对固定的结构反映了群落对环境的适应、动态和机能,研究群落结构是了解森林物种基本组成及动态变化的首要条件和重要基础。通过查阅文献对群落结构的研究内容及方法进行了分类归纳,森林群落结构主要包括非空间结构特征和空间结构特征两个基本类型,且点格局分析是空间格局的主要研究方法。查阅文献发现:森林群落结构的研究内容目前多基于物种组成,分析物种的多度、区系、垂直、径级结构、空间格局等,而结合气候、水分、土壤等多因子的综合性研究相对薄弱。同时,森林生态系统定位监测站数量及功能质量的拓展建设也必不可少,这可为后期群落生态学的研究提供可靠的基础保障。

Structural characteristics are one of the important characteristics of forest communities.The relatively fixed structure in different communities reflects the adaptation,dynamics and functions of the community to the environment.The study of community structures is the primary condition and important basis for understanding the basic composition and dynamic changes of forest species.This paper classifies and summarizes the research contents and methods of community structures by consulting literature.Forest community structures mainly include two basic types:non spatial structure characteristics and spatial structure characteristics,and point pattern analysis is the main research method of spatial patterns.By consulting the literature,it is found that the research content of forest community structures is mostly based on species composition,analyzing species abundance,flora,vertical,diameter class structures and spatial patterns,while the comprehensive research combined with climate,water,soil and other factors is relatively weak.At the same time,the expansion and construction of the number and functional quality of forest ecosystem positioning and monitoring stations are also essential,which can provide a reliable basic guarantee for the later research of community ecology.