黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地细碎化评价与土地整治工程分区——以吴起县为例

Evaluation of Cultivated Land Fragmentation and Land Consolidation Engineering Zoning in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region——A Case Study in Wuqi County

为研究黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地细碎化的特征,提高农业机械化水平,以延安市吴起县为研究区,以行政村为单元,基于ArcGIS与Fragstats软件,运用景观指数、地理探测器等方法评价了吴起县的耕地细碎化程度,分析影响因素,并划分土地整治工程分区。结果表明:(1)吴起县耕地综合细碎化程度总体较高,各程度细碎化的行政村数量排序为中度细碎>重度细碎>轻度破碎。轻度细碎化集中分布于吴起县北部,重度细碎化主要分布在中部、南部、西南部,中部地区的重度细碎化呈现出西北—东南走向的条带状。吴起县耕地细碎化的主要类型为面积细碎化,形状细碎化与分布细碎化程度相对较低。(2)吴起县耕地综合细碎化的主要影响因素为高程、坡度、距河流的距离、距农村居民点的距离,影响力大小排序为距河流的距离>坡度>高程>距农村居民点的距离。坡度、距河流距离分别与距农村道路距离、距农村居民点距离有很强的交互作用。(3)基于耕地细碎化评价与影响因素分析结果,划分土地权属调整区、土地平整工程主导区、农田水利工程主导区、农村道路工程主导区、土地工程综合整治区共5个整治工程分区,为吴起县耕地细碎化整治提供方向性引导。可见,吴起县耕地细碎化水平较高,空间异质性较强,主要受地形、水源、耕作便利性等多因素影响,需要以权属调整、土地整治等手段改善。

In order to study the characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation in the loess hilly and gully area and improve the level of agricultural mechanization,Wuqi County,Yan′an City,was taken as the research area,the administrative village was taken as the unit,based on ArcGIS and Fragstats software,landscape index,Geodetector and other methods are used to evaluate the degree of cultivated land fragmentation in Wuqi County,to analyze the influencing factors,and to divide land consolidation engineering area.The results show that:(1)the degree of comprehensive fragmentation of cultivated land in Wuqi County is generally high,and the sequence of the number of administrative villages is medium fragmentation>severe fragmentation>slight fragmentation;slight fragmentation concentrates in the northern part of Wuqi County,and severe fragmentation mainly distributes in the central,southern and southwestern parts;the severe fragmentation in the central area presents a northwest-southeast trending strip;the main type of cultivated land fragmentation in Wuqi County is area fragmentation,and the degree of shape fragmentation and distribution fragmentation is relatively low;(2)the main factors influencing the comprehensive fragmentation of cultivated land in Wuqi County are elevation,slope,distance from the river,and distance from rural residential areas;the order of influence is distance from river>slope>elevation>distance from rural residential areas;the slope and the distance from the river have a strong interaction with the distance from rural roads and the distance from rural residential areas,respectively;(3)based on the evaluation of cultivated land fragmentation and analysis of influencing factors,a total of 5 areas are divided into land ownership adjustment area,land leveling engineering area,farmland water conservancy engineering area,rural road engineering area,and land engineering comprehensive consolidation area,which can provide directional guidance for remediation of cultivated land fragmentation in Wuqi County.The cultivated land in Wuqi County has a high level of fragmentation and strong spatial heterogeneity.It is mainly affected by multiple factors such as terrain,water source,and farming convenience.It needs to be improved by means of ownership adjustment and land consolidation.