从“附庸”到“独立”:中国现代档案学初步建立及其学科属性的历史分析

From Being Subsidiary to Independent:Historical Analysis on the Establishment of Chinese Archival Science and Its Nature

中国现代档案学的创建是现代学术发展与社会转型的结果。20世纪初期,整理旧王朝出土和遗留的历史档案,以及改革现行公文程式、文书处理与档案管理等不同性质的档案问题集中到来,史学、图书馆学和行政学等先行现代学科自觉展开相应问题的档案研究。20世纪30年代后期,在现代学术交流机制的推动下,档案学学术共同体初步形成。1940年文华图书馆学专科学校为申请增设档案管理专科致教育部的呈文是中国现代档案学的独立宣言。中国档案学独立化过程表明,中国现代档案学在创建之初具有中国化内驱力和综合性学科属性。

The establishment of Chinese archival science was the product of modern academic and social transformation.From the early 20th century,the archival issues of different natures came together,such as the arrangement of historical archives unearthed and remained by the old dynasties,the reform of the existing form and process of official documents,document processing and archives management,etc.History,library science and administration science and other antecedent modern disciplines,consciously conducted the archival research of corresponding problems.In the second half of 1930s,the academic community of archival research took form under the facilitated of modern academic exchanges mechanism.In 1940,Boone Library School sent the Ministry of Education a submission with regard to establishing a new major of archives management.This submission was a declaration of independence of modern archival sciencein China.The independent process of Archival science in China shows that the modern Archival science of China had inner impulse of sinicization and the nature of comprehensive discipline at the beginning of its establishment.