西藏档案馆藏清朝圣旨所用纸张的检测与分析研究

Detection and Analysis of Paper Used for Imperial Edict of Qing Dynasty in the Archive of Tibet Autonomous Region

蜡笺纸作为中国造纸历史上一种非常重要的传统手工纸,其制作工艺如今几乎已失传。围绕蜡笺纸这种特殊的纸张所用的原料、特征等开展研究,对以蜡笺纸为载体的档案文献的保护与修复工作,以及传统蜡笺纸制作工艺的传承和复制等都具有重要的作用。本研究以西藏档案馆藏一份清朝圣旨所用的橘黄色单面洒金蜡笺纸为研究对象,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜、拉曼光谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)等仪器或设备,对其成分和结构进行观察、检测与分析。结果表明:该纸为双层纸,原料为纯青檀皮,经过胶矾水处理,并在纸张中加入填料熟石膏;纸张正反面的着色成分均为铅丹,以动物胶为颜料的黏合剂,并进行了施蜂蜡处理。铅丹作为主要的着色成分,在一定条件下不太稳定,少部分变色生成了铅白和二氧化铅。

As a very important traditional handmade paper in the history of Chinese paper making,the crafts of making wax dusted paper have almost been lost.The research on the raw materials and characteristics of this special type of paper will play an important role in the protection and restoration of the archives and documents used the wax dusted paper,as well as the inheritance and replication of the traditional wax dusted paper making techniques.The orange wax dusted paper which is sprinkled gold on one side used for an imperial edict of Qing Dynasty in the Archices of Tibet Autonomous Region was chosen as the subject of this study.Through the use of scanning electron microscope(SEM),optical microscope,Raman spectrometer,Fourier transform infrared spectromete(FTIR),X;ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF)and other instruments or equipment,the composition and structure of it were observed,detected and analyzed.The results showed that the paper was double;layered and made of pure wingceltis bark.Calcined gypsum was added as the filler and the paper was treated with rosin and alum.Both the front and back sides of the paper were dyed with miniumite,and the animal glue was used as the adhesive of the pigment.Finally,the Chinese insect wax was applied on the surface of the paper.Miniumite as the main coloring component,is not stable under certain conditions,and some of it turned into lead white and lead dioxide.