站城融合下的铁路系统发展特征国际比较

International Comparison of Railway System Characteristics Based on Station-City Integration

铁路站城空间形态的差异与铁路系统发展特征的差异密切相关。通过国际比较,在铁路与现代城市和机动化的发展时序、铁路网络结构和功能、铁路客站服务模式、铁路旅客客流特征、铁路旅客乘候车方式等方面,分析中国与欧洲和日本存在的差异。这些差异深刻影响了车站与城市的距离、站城地区与城市中心融合的诉求、车站与站城地区间的步行距离等。未来中国的站城融合发展应注重铁路系统发展转型,重点是形成合理的铁路网络结构和高可达的车站布局、提升车站密度、拉近车站与城市的距离、改进运营组织,促进铁路客流整体特征向高频次、中短距离、高客流能级转变,并结合铁路系统特征转型的过程强化站城融合发展的渐进性。

The differences in the spatial form of railway stations and cities are closely related to the differences in the development characteristics of railway systems. Through international comparison, this paper shows China is obviously different from European countries and Japan in terms of the development sequence among railway systems, modern cities and motorization, railway network structure and functions, railway station service mode, railway passenger flow characteristics, and railway passenger waiting mode. These differences profoundly affect the distance between the station and the city, the demand for the integration of the urban area around the station and the city center, and the walking distance between the station and the urban area around the station. The paper proposes that future stationcity integration in China should focus on the development and transformation of the railway system.The key is to form a reasonable railway network structure and station layout with high accessibility,shorten the distance between the station and the city, and improve operational organization. The overall characteristics of railway passenger flow should be transformed to high frequency, medium and short distance, and high capacity level, during which station-city integration should develop gradually.