昆明市中心城区就医交通公平性评估

Assessment on Transportation Equity to and from Hospitals in Kunming Central Urban Area

为科学评估城市居民就医的交通公平性,将就医场景下的交通公平划分为方式公平和空间公平。建立基于可达性差距指数(MAG)的交通方式公平性评估模型和基于基尼系数与Lorenz曲线的交通空间公平性评估模型。以昆明市为例进行实证分析,结果表明:就医交通可达性呈现由中心向外围递减的空间模式,整体上表现出西北高于东南的空间特征;在方式公平层面,私人小汽车交通的可达性整体上优于公共交通,研究区域内MAG≤0.37的街道数量占56%,表明昆明市中心城区公共交通与私人交通的发展失衡现象总体不显著;在空间公平层面,公共交通的基尼系数为0.374,私人小汽车交通的基尼系数为0.307,表明就医场景下公共交通的空间排斥高于私人小汽车交通。未来,一方面要在城市医疗服务资源配置中注重人口集聚导向,另一方面要进一步提升公共交通供给水平,从空间层面保障就医交通公平。

In order to scientifically evaluate transportation equity of urban resident’s medical treatment, this paper divides transportation equity into travel mode equity and spatial equity. The paper develops a travel mode equity assessment model based on the modal accessibility gap(MAG), and an evaluation model of transportation spatial equity based on Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve. Take Kunming as an example, the empirical analysis shows that the accessibility of medical treatment presents a spatial pattern of decreasing from the center to the peripheral, and on the whole, it shows an spatial characteristic that the accessibility in northwestern is higher than that in the southeastern. In terms of travel mode equity, the accessibility of private vehicles is better than that the public transportation on the whole. The number of streets with MAG less than 0.37 accounts for 56% in the research area, indicating that the imbalance between the public transportation and private vehicles in the central urban area of Kunming is generally insignificant. In terms of spatial equity, the Gini coefficient of public transportation is 0.374, and that of private vehicles is 0.307, demonstrating that the spatial exclusion of public transportation is higher than that of private vehicles under medical scene. In the future, on the one hand, more attention should be paid to the population agglomeration orientation in the allocation of urban medical service resources;on the other hand, the supply level of public transportation should be improved to ensure the equity of medical transportation from the spatial level.