严重核事故应急救援人员的心理危机干预

Psychological crisis intervention for emergency rescue workers during major nuclear power plant accident

切尔诺贝利核事故和福岛核事故表明严重核事故对参与应急救援的人员会产生巨大的心理效应,他们会与事故受害者一样产生一系列的精神心理问题。本文通过分析切尔诺贝利核事故和福岛核事故后应急救援人员产生的精神心理健康问题,借鉴重大自然灾害、疫情等救援人员心理危机干预的方法,结合核事故应急救援人员面临的特殊情况,提出核事故应急救援人员的心理危机干预方法。这套方法包括事故前应急救援人员的心理健康评估与培训、事故中应急救援人员的心理救助、自我调试和心理危机干预以及事故后的长期心理援助。通过有效的心理危机干预,降低核事故对应急救援人员的心理影响。

The nuclear accidents in Chernobyl and Fukushima had great impacts on the mental health of emergency rescue workers,who experienced a series of psychological problems shared by the accident victims.This paper analyzes the psycho-logical symptoms suffered by emergency rescue workers in Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents,as well as the psy-chological crisis interventions for rescue personnel involved in major natural disasters and pandemics.Based on the special situations faced by emergency rescue workers in nuclear accidents,we propose psychological crisis interventions for rescue personnel during major nuclear accidents.These interventions include mental health assessment and training before accident,psychological assistance,self-adjustment,and crisis intervention during accident,and long-term psychological assistance after accident.The psychological impacts on emergency rescue workers can be reduced by effective psychological interven-tions.