高速列车隧道压缩波模拟气动试验装置设计

High-speed train tunnel compression waves simulation pneumatic test device design

针对目前高速列车发射试验台对隧道微压波现象进行研究时存在的两个问题:运维成本高和数据生产率低,设计了一种基于气动电磁阀的新型隧道压缩波模拟装置。首先,研究了隧道压缩波产生的原理,并分析了其典型波形;其次,给出了由小型气动电磁阀、压力腔、压缩机、供电系统和隧道模型组成的模拟装置设计方法,并采用了多个气动电磁阀并联结构从而克服了小型高速电磁阀质量流量不足的问题;最后,该装置通过调节腔压和电压的方式来控制所生产压缩波的升压和波长,并提出了一个估算压缩波升压与腔压之间关系的经验公式。研究结果表明:所设计的装置可以有效地模拟列车进站产生的隧道压缩波,且建造、操作和维护成本更低。与传统高速列车发射试验台相比,每产生一次压缩波所需的时间减少了80%,从而提供足够的数据来制定针对传播和发射阶段的相关措施。

Aim at the two problems existing in the research of tunnel micro-pressure wave phenomenon on the high-speed train launch test-bed at present:high operation and maintenance cost and low data productivity,a new tunnel compression wave simulation device based on pneumatic solenoid valve was designed.Firstly,the principle of tunnel compression wave generation was studied and its typical waveform was analyzed.Secondly,a simulation device design method consisting of small solenoid valves,pressure chamber,compressor,power supply system and tunnel model was given,and multiple solenoid valves in parallel structure was used to overcome the problem of insufficient mass flow rate of small high-speed solenoid valves.Finally,the boost and wavelength of the produced compressional wave are controlled by adjusting the cavity pressure and voltage,and an empirical formula for estimating the relationship between the boost and cavity pressure of the compressional wave is proposed.The results of the study show that the designed device produces compression waves that can effectively simulate the tunnel compression waves generated by a train approach with lower construction,operation and maintenance costs.The time required for each compression wave generation is reduced by 80% compared to a conventional high-speed train launch test stand,enabling very rapid generation of compression waves,which can provide sufficient data to develop relevant measures for the propagation and launch phases.