除草型麻地膜在水稻秧田的应用及对水稻的影响

Application of weeding bast fiber film in rice seedling field and its effect on rice

为了明确除草型育秧麻地膜对秧田杂草的防控效果及对水稻的安全性,为集中育秧提供有效的杂草防控措施,本研究采用培养皿法和小区实验研究了五氟磺草胺、苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、丙草胺四种除草剂附着于麻地膜上对稗草和水稻出苗、秧苗生长及杂草防控效果和水稻产量的影响。室内生物测定结果显示,24~96 h内,五氟磺草胺、苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆和丙草胺均能不同程度抑制稗草和水稻种子萌发,且对稗草种子萌发的抑制率高于水稻种子;96 h时,五氟磺草胺、苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆3种药剂高剂量处理下的稗草和水稻呈现不同程度的中毒症状,主要表现为抑制根和芽生长及鲜重降低;高剂量丙草胺下,稗草和水稻均死亡。在此基础上,2018—2020年通过田间试验研究了五氟磺草胺15 g a.i.hm^(-2)、苄嘧磺隆30 g a.i.hm^(-2)、吡嘧磺隆15 g a.i.hm^(-2)附着麻地膜时对秧田杂草的控制效果及对水稻的安全性,结果显示,除草剂附着的麻地膜对秧田杂草的防控效果比较理想,株防效达80%~90%,与对照药剂丙草胺相当;在水稻安全性方面,3种除草剂附膜30 d时,对水稻秧苗的株高和鲜重均有一定的促进作用;产量上,施药区稻谷千粒重和每公顷产量均增加,2018年增产率为0.57%~2.13%,2019年和2020年增产率分别为0.55%~1.70%和2.87%~6.21%,与对照药剂丙草胺相当。水稻育秧中可采用五氟磺草胺、苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆附着麻地膜育秧膜控制田间杂草,在合理剂量范围内对秧苗安全,不影响水稻产量,在集中育秧中应用前景广阔。

The objective of this study is to clarify the weed control effect and safety for rice weeding of herbicides mulching on bast fiber film,and to provide effective weed control measures for mechanized-transplanting cultivation.To study the effect of herbicides mulching on bast fiber film on the emergence and seedling growth of barnyard grass and rice,petri dish,plot experiment,weed control,and rice yield were conducted.Bioassay showed that the seed germination of barnyard grass and rice were inhibited by penoxsulam,bensulfuron-methyl,pyrazosulfuron-ethyl,and pretilachlor within 96 hours,and the germination inhibition rate of barnyard grass was higher than that in rice.Seedlings of barnyard grass and rice were poisoned to varying degrees by high doses of penoxsulam,bensulfuron-methyl,and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl treated in 96 hours,it was mainly manifested in inhibi-tion of root and bud growth and reduction of fresh weight.Barnyard grass and rice all died at high doses of pretilachlor.On this basis,to study the weed control effect and rice safety of penoxsulam(15 g a.i.hm^(-2)),bensulfuron-methyl(30 g a.i.hm^(-2)),and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl(15 g a.i.hm^(-2))mulched on bast fiber film,field experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019.The results revealed that the control effect of herbicide mulching on weeds in seedling field was 80%–90%,which was equivalent to pretilachlor.On the safety of rice,three herbicides mulching on bast fiber film could promote the height and fresh weight of rice seedlings.Compared with the control group,the 100-grain weight and the yield per hectare were increased.The rate of yield in-crease was 0.57%-2.13%,0.55%-1.70%,and 2.87%-6.21%in 2018,2019,and 2020,respectively,which were equivalent to pre-tilachlor treatment.Three herbicides mulching on bast fiber film effectively control weeds in rice seedling field,which is safety for seedlings in a reasonable dose range and does not reduce rice yield.It has a broad application prospect in centralized seeding cultivation.