104个粳稻品种(系)的产量性状遗传多样性分析及优良种质资源筛选

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Yield-related Traits and Selection of Superior Germplasm from 104 Geng Rice Varieties(Lines)

为发现适宜江苏省推广种植的优良水稻品种并筛选优质的水稻种质资源创新材料,对104个水稻品种(系)的7个表型性状进行研究,开展品种(系)表型性状的遗传多样性分析、聚类分析及主成分分析,利用F值综合评价水稻品种资源。结果表明,供试材料有效穗数、瘪粒数及单株产量的变异系数>30%,在所有种群表型性状中具有良好的遗传变异性,7个表型性状的香农-维纳多样性指数范围为6.618~6.700,种群表型内部多样性丰富;利用聚类分析将种群划分为4大类群,为不同品种(系)间的杂交和优质品种的选育提供了理论依据;通过主成分分析,获得3个主成分,累计贡献率达到79.273%,即包含了104个品种(系)7个表型性状79.273%的遗传信息;瘪粒数、实粒数、总粒数及单株产量4个表型性状是综合评价的主要影响因子;通过F值排名,筛选出27个地方稻品种(系)作为优良的种质资源创新材料和遗传育种的亲本来源。

The present study was aimed to identify superior rice varieties suitable for cultivation and popularization in Jiangsu Province,and select high-quality novel rice germplasm.A total of 104 rice varieties(lines) from the germplasm resource bank were assessed for seven phenotypic characters, using genetic diversity analysis, clustering analysis, and principal component analysis, with F value employed to comprehensively evaluate the rice variety resource. As a result,the tested varieties(lines) had the variation coefficients more than 30% for effective panicle number per plant, unfilled grain number per panicle, and yield per plant, indicating that these phenotypic characters have substantial genetic variability among the tested materials. The shannon-wiener diversity index of the seven phenotypic characters ranged from 6.618 to 6.700, suggesting that the population has a high internal phenotypic diversity. The population was divided into four groups by clustering analysis, which builds a theoretical basis for the hybridization between different varieties(lines) and the breeding of high-quality varieties. Moreover, three principal components of yield were determined by principal component analysis, with the cumulative contribution rate of 79.273%, indicating that they contain 79.273% of the genetic information in the seven phenotypic traits of all the 104 varieties(lines). Four phenotypic traits, comprising unfilled grain number per panicle, filled grain number per panicle, total grain number per panicle, and yield per plant, were the main influential factors for comprehensive evaluation of varieties. Through F ranking, 27 local rice varieties were selected as superior novel germplasm and a parental source for genetic breeding.