美国精英高校整体性录取的目标与策略——基于七所高校的考察

Goals and Strategies of Holistic Admissions At American Elite Colleges and Universities:Based on the Investigation of Seven Institutions

进入21世纪后,美国精英高校普遍采用具有鲜明多元特征的整体性录取机制选拔本科生源。为追求卓越、公平与多样化三大共性目标,美国精英高校通过综合评价和整体性审阅路径两种策略来开展整体性录取。基于多重标准的综合评价,指向判断申请者个人的成功潜能、贡献潜能、获益潜能,以及对不同申请者群体的差异标准。融合多样手段的整体性审阅路径,包括背景考察、个体考察、集体评议。美国经验对我国“双一流”建设高校探索建立具有中国特色的多元录取机制有启思价值。

After entering the 21st century,American elite colleges and universities generally adopt the holistic admissions mechanism with prominent diversified characteristics to select undergraduate students.In order to pursue the three common goals of excellence,fairness and diversity,American elite colleges and universities carry out holistic admissions through comprehensive evaluation and holistic review approach.The comprehensive evaluation based on multiple criteria points to the criteria for judging the individual applicant’s potential of being succeed in college,making external contribution and benefiting from college education,as well as the different criteria for different groups of applicants.A holistic review path integrating various means,includes contextual review,individualized review and collective review.The American experience has enlightening value for China’s“double first-class”constructing universities to explore and establish a diversified admissions mechanism with Chinese characteristics.