医务人员医院感染防控知信行现状及其培训需求调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on KAP Status and Training Needs of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control Among Medical Staff

目的了解医务人员医院感染防控知识、态度、行为现状及其培训需求,为后续合理、科学的医院感染防控培训体系的构建提供理论依据。方法于2020年12月14日-18日,基于国家医院感染相关法律法规及规范性文件,自行设计《医务人员医院感染认知情况调查表》和《医护人员医院感染防控培训需求问卷》,通过“问卷星”网站发布调查问卷,基于微信社交平台,采用自愿抽样的方法,在线邀请西安市某大型综合性三甲医院医务人员填写网络问卷,分析医务人员医院感染防控知识、态度、行为现状及培训需求。结果不同性别、年龄、职业、工作年限、学历间医务人员对医院感染防控的知识得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、年龄、职业、工作年限、学历、职称间医务人员对医院感染防控的态度得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同工作年限、职称间医务人员的医院感染防控的行为得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,医务人员医院感染防控知识与态度、知识与行为、态度与行为呈正相关(r=0.425、0.256、0.288,P<0.05)。从内容需求来看,非常需要培训的内容按人数排列前5名依次为职业暴露及自我防护、常见传染病的防护(HIV、HBV、HCV)、医院感染暴发报告与处置、医院隔离技术规范、标准预防相关知识。医生、护士和医技最希望的培训方式均为借助微信平台培训,最希望采用的考核方式为基于微信平台考试。结论性别、年龄、职业、工作年限、学历及职称对医务人员医院感染防控知信行的得分有一定的影响,提示医疗机构应当针对医务人员的特点制定分级分层分类的精细化培训方案,以确保培训质量。此外,可借助微信等信息化平台对医务人员开展医院感染控制培训与考核,以进一步提高医务人员对医院感染防控的知信行水平,从而提升医院感染管理水平。

Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude,behavior status and training needs of hospital infection prevention and control among medical staff,and to provide theoretical basis for the construction of reasonable and scientific hospital infection prevention and control training system.Methods From December 14 th to 18 th,2020,based on the relevant laws and regulations and normative documents of national hospital infection,a self-designed questionnaire of"Questionnaire on the Awareness of Nosocomial Infection of Medical Staff"and the"Questionnaire for the Training Needs of Nosocomial Infection Prevention and Control of Medical Staff"were designed.The questionnaire was released through the"Questionnaire Star"website.Based on WeChat social platform,voluntary sampling method was used to invite medical staff in a large general tertiary hospital in Xi’an to fill out online questionnaires to analyze the knowledge,attitude,behavior and training needs of hospital infection prevention and control among medical staff.Results There were statistically significant differences in the scores of medical staff’s knowledge of nosocomial infection prevention and control among different genders,ages,occupations,working years and educational backgrounds(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the attitude score of medical staff to hospital infection prevention and control among different gender,age,occupation,working years,education background and professional title(P>0.05);there was significant difference in the behavioral scores of nosocomial infection prevention and control among medical staff with different working years and professional titles(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the knowledge and attitude,knowledge and behavior,attitude and behavior of nosocomial infection prevention and control of medical staff were positively correlated(r=0.425,0.256,0.288,P<0.05).From the perspective of content requirements,the top five contents that need training were occupational exposure and self-protection,protection of common infectious diseases(HIV,HBV,HCV),reporting and disposal of hospital infection outbreaks,technical specifications of hospital isolation,and standard prevention knowledge according to the number of people.The most promising training methods for doctors,nurses and medical technology were based on WeChat platform training,and the most promising assessment method was based on WeChat platform examination.Conclusion The results show that gender,age,occupation,working years,education and professional title have a certain impact on the scores of hospital infection prevention and control knowledge,attitude and practice of medical staff,suggesting that medical institutions should develop a refined hierarchical classification based on the characteristics of medical staff training programs to ensure the quality of training.Wechat and other information platforms can be used to carry out the training and assessment of nosocomial infection prevention and control for medical staff,so as to further improve the knowledge,attitude and practice level of nosocomial infection prevention and control for medical staff,thereby enhancing the level of nosocomial infection management.